矿山开采沉陷对矿区的生态环境破坏严重，为有效预防和减小开采沉陷危害，正确指导矿山生产，对开采沉陷进行计算机三维可视化表达将极大地提高矿山开采沉陷监测系统的技术水平和应用价值。 论文在简要介绍开采沉陷基本理论和三维地形可视化方法的基础上，重点阐述了三维地形可视化建模技术、概率积分法开采沉陷的预计方法，以及针对厚松散层矿区综放开采的概率积分法。根据开采沉陷数据的特点，提出了开采沉陷数据计算的数据结构。当开采沉陷数据处理完后，以处理后的数据为基础，对开采沉陷地表进行三维建模。论文重点讨论了开采沉陷地表三维模型的建立方法，提出了开采沉陷地表三维模拟的数据结构和方法。该方法的核心是以开采沉陷数据为基础，通过建立沉陷区域DEM的方法来自动构建地表三维模型。 论文以MS Visual C++6.0为开发工具，利用OpenGL图形接口，开发地表移动预计系统的三维图形功能。提出利用地形三维可视化技术、地理信息系统技术、数据库技术及开采沉陷模拟计算方法，实现采矿引起的地表沉陷区域地形的可视化，并能实时地对各种地表沉陷数据进行更新与分析，将这些数据以三维图形(三维立体图、剖面图)的方式显示出来，做各种应用分析，从而达到及时监测矿区沉陷状况、科学制定决策、有效预防沉陷灾害的目的。以铜川鸭口矿工作面为例，对系统进行了验证。结果表明本文提出的厚松散层矿区开采地面沉陷的三维可视化方法是可行的。

Mining subsidence damaged the environment of the diggings seriously. In order to reduce even prevent the damage effectively, guide mining production correctly, and express mining subsidence with 3D computer visualization, it will improve the technical and application value of mining subsidence monitoring system. The data of mining subsidence is the base of mining three-dimensional Visibility. The paper put emphasis on the visual three-dimensional modeling technology and calculative method of probability integral in the mining subsidence on the bases of brief introduction of the basic theory of mining subsidence and visual three-dimensional topography, and probability integration is apt to adopt sub-level caving mining in mining area with thick alluvial soil.Then makes the point of data structure of mining subsidence according to its characteristics. After the handling of the subsidence data, it set force the three-dimensional model on the bases of them. The paper emphasized the method and developed the data structure. The key of this way is to automatically establish the three-dimensional model on the ground by the means of DEM in the area of subsidence. The MS Visual C++6.0 in this paper is the exploitive instrument to explore the function of the three-dimensional picture in the earth’s surface moving predictive system. In this paper, the writer developed the achievement of the visibility in mining subsidence with the technology of three-dimensional topography, the information system in geography, the databases and the simulated calculative method in subsidence. All these methods can be used to renew and analyze the data in the mining subsidence and hit the target of reducing and preventing the damage caused by it. It turns out that the theory in this paper on three-dimensional visibility is practicable after the testing and verifing the system in the working face of YaKou mine of TongChuan.