21世纪，人们的生活因为科技的进步，已经发生了巨大的改变。有关健康问题，早已成为了人们关注的焦点。如果医生在病灶的潜伏期，通过组织细微的改变，能准确的发现病灶并能使病情得到及时控制，对患者的治疗是非常有益的。 本文介绍了医学图像处理技术的背景和研究意义及有关医学图像增强技术的方法、原理、相关函数表达式，并对其优劣性进行了比较分析。借助MATLAB得到求反、灰度调整、对数变换、Gamma（伽马）变换、直方图均衡化、伪彩色处理及锐化滤波等操作后的医学图像。比较了Prewitt算子、Sobel算子及拉普拉斯算子处理后的医学图像，重点是对基于拉普拉斯算子得到的医学图像进行改进后的研究，用原始图像加上去经锐化滤波器处理后的图像，分析了改进后图像在增强图像边缘方面的效果。 本文在MATLAB的GUI界面下设计了图像的预处理系统，与同类系统相比，其运行界面简洁流畅，旨在检验改进后的医学图像增强效果。该系统包括文件操作、基本增强、工具等模块，简述了系统模块的设计思路及功能。主要借助反映灰度级与像素点之间关系的直方图，运行预设系统，比较了改进前后的医学图像分别在经过图像求反、对数变换、Gamma（伽马）变换、中值滤波处理后，图像的增强效果。根据直方图中特定范围内像素点的改变，更为准确的解释了图像边缘增强效果。所设计的系统可对图像进行旋转、剪切等操作，有助于医生对图像的判读。最后对图像增强处理的设计不足之处，提出了改进的方向。 本文设计的医学图像增强处理系统运行流畅，在实际应用中能够减少医生诊断病情的时间，经过对改进前后图像直方图的比较，基于锐化滤波改进后医学图像的质量得到了很大的改善，图像的边缘和轮廓也得到增强。所设计的系统将医学图像处理的相关技术融于同一界面，缩短了医生分析医学图像的时间，提高了工作效率，降低了对图像处理操作的难度。

The 21st century, people's lives because of technological progress, has undergone tremendous changes. The health problem has long been the focus of attention. If the doctor in the incubation period of the lesion, through the organization of minor changes, can accurately detect the lesion and can make the disease in a timely manner, the treatment of patients is very useful. This paper introduces the background and research significance of medical image processing technology and the methods, principles and related function expressions of medical image enhancement technology, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of medical image processing technology. With the help of MATLAB to get the inverse, gray scale adjustment, logarithmic transformation, Gamma (gamma) transformation, histogram equalization, pseudo color processing and sharpening filter after the operation of medical images. The medical images of Prewitt operator, Sobel operator and Laplacian operator are compared. The emphasis is on the improvement of medical image based on Laplacian operator, and the original image plus the image processed by the filter is analyzed, and the effect of the improved image on the edge of the image is analyzed. In this paper, the image preprocessing system is designed under the GUI interface of MATLAB, compared with similar systems, its running interface is simple and smooth, and it is designed to test the improved medical image enhancement effect. The system includes file operation, basic enhancement, tools and other modules, and briefly describes the design ideas and functions of the system module. Based on the histogram reflecting the relationship between the gray level and the pixel, the preset system is compared with the medical image before and after the improvement. After the image is reversed, the logarithmic transformation, the Gamma transform, the median filter after the image enhancement effect. According to the histogram in a specific range of pixel changes, more accurate interpretation of the image edge enhancement effect. The design of the system can rotate the image, cut and other operations, help doctors interpret the image. Finally, the design of the image enhancement processing is put forward, and the improvement direction is put forward. The medical image enhancement processing system designed in this paper is running smoothly, and it can reduce the time of medical diagnosis in the practical application. After comparing the histogram of the improved image, the quality of the medical image has been improved greatly, The edges and contours of the image are also enhanced. The design of the system will be medical image processing related technology into the same interface, shortening the doctor to analyze the time of medical images, improve work efficiency and reduce the difficulty of image processing operations.