在多煤层开采矿井中，上覆煤柱和层间坚硬顶板引发的下煤层工作面或巷道的强矿压问题日趋严重，威胁矿井安全开采。开展上覆煤柱及坚硬顶板下开采强矿压作用机理及控制技术研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实践价值。论文以神东布尔台煤矿4^-2煤层综放工作面为研究对象，采用现场测试、理论研究、相似模拟和数值计算相结合的方法，研究了上覆2^-2煤层平行煤柱、垂直煤柱和叠加煤柱通过层间坚硬顶板对4^-2煤层综放工作面矿压显现的影响规律，提出了综放工作面过上覆平行煤柱和叠加煤柱开采的“扇形跷板”和“倒梯形”形结构模型，揭示了上覆煤柱及坚硬顶板耦合作用下的强矿压机理，研发了定向长钻孔分段水力压裂弱化坚硬顶板和应力集中区技术，工程实践取得了显著成效。主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过现场钻孔取芯、室内单轴压缩、巴西劈裂和CT扫描实验，测定了不同深度岩芯的力学指标及微观结构特性，实测了4^-2煤层的原岩应力，分析了4^-2煤层的顶板结构，进行了老顶板分级，确定了煤层上方厚度37.1m的致密粉砂岩属I级极坚硬顶板，为强矿压机理研究和控制奠定了基础。

（2）实测了上覆平行煤柱、垂直煤柱和端部叠加煤柱通过层间坚硬顶板对综放工作面矿压显现的影响，揭示了平行煤柱、垂直煤柱和端部叠加煤柱导致下部煤层工作面支架阻力升高、压架、片帮和冒顶等强矿压显现的规律，得出上覆煤柱和坚硬顶板的共同作用是造成4^-2煤层强矿压显现的主要因素。

（3）通过理论分析、相似模拟和数值计算，研究了综放工作面进、出上覆平行煤柱过程中坚硬顶板O-X破断特征，建立了工作面过平行煤柱期间的顶板“跷板”结构力学模型，揭示了上覆平行煤柱影响下综放工作面强矿压机理。掌握了综放工作面进煤柱、煤柱下和出煤柱三种状态下，4^-2煤层上覆坚硬顶板的跷板空间几何结构运动与应力演化的关系，揭示了在出煤柱5-10m范围工作面前方煤体应力升高、破坏明显和易导致工作面动力灾害的机理。

（4）研究了垂直煤柱影响下综放工作面覆岩破断失稳特征，得出4^-2煤层工作面顶板边界条件随长边b的变化，由四端固支条件转换为三边固支一边简支，导致采空区破碎岩体提供主要的支承力。

（5）研究了叠加煤柱影响下综放工作面围岩破断失稳特征，揭示了上覆2^-2煤层顺槽煤柱和4^-2煤层回风顺槽煤柱应力叠加影响下综放工作面二次采动巷道强矿压机理。根据综放工作面覆岩O-X破断特征，构建了垂直煤柱下综放工作面顶板破断的“倒梯形”形结构力学模型；采用数值模拟方法，建立垂直煤柱在综放工作面端头煤柱外侧、正上方和内侧的空间结构模型。研究得出上覆垂直煤柱与综放工作面端头煤柱水平距离对矿压显现影响显著，煤柱位于端头正上方时围岩应力和塑性区最大，随着水平距离增大影响逐渐降低。

（6）基于综放工作面上覆平行煤柱、垂直煤柱和叠加煤柱及坚硬顶板下的强矿压机理，提出了优化采掘布局，合理避让上覆煤柱、避开地应力方向、选用大阻力液压支架、定向长钻孔分段水力压裂采场坚硬顶板、常规短钻孔水力压裂顺槽顶板等强矿压综合治理技术。采用综放工作面强矿压综合测监测预警系统，实现了工作面顶板来压的智能监测与超前预警。通过现场工程实践，有效降低了上覆煤柱对工作面矿压影响，取得了显著的治理效果。

In multi coal seams mining, the problem of strong ground pressure in the lower working face or roadway caused by the coal pillar and interlayer hard roof is becoming more and more serious. It threatens to the mine safety. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering practical value to carry out research on the mechanism and control technology of strong mining ground pressure under the action of overlying coal pillars and hard roof. This paper takes the fully mechanized caving face of 4^-2 coal seam in Buertai Coal Mine as the research object, the methods of field test, theoretical research, physical similar simulation and numerical calculation are adopted. By studying the strong ground pressure influence on fully mechanized caving face of 4^-2 coal seam, which is caused by coal pillars of overlying 2^-2 coal seam parallel coal pillar, vertical coal pillar and superimposed coal pillar and executed through interlayer thick hard roof. This paper proposed the mechanical models of "fan-shaped seesaw" and "inverted trapezoid" structures of the fully mechanized caving face over the overlying parallel coal pillars and the stress concentration area of the superimposed coal pillars, the disaster mechanism of strong ground pressure under the coupling action of the overlying coal pillar and the hard roof was revealed. Developed the technology of directional long borehole segmented hydraulic fracturing to weaken the hard roof and stress concentration area, established a strong rock pressure monitoring and early warning platform, verified it in practice and achieved remarkable results. The main research results as follows:

(1) Through on-site borehole coring, uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting and CT scanning experiments, the mechanical indexes and microstructural properties of cores at different depths were measured, and the original rock stress of 4^-2 coal seam was actually measured, the main roof of 4^-2 coal seam classification was carried out, and it was proposed that the dense siltstone with a thickness of 37.1m above the coal seam belongs to the I-level extremely hard roof, which support an important foundation for the research and control of the strong mine pressure mechanism..

(2) The influence law of overlying parallel coal pillar, vertical coal pillar and end superimposed coal pillar on rock pressure behavior of fully mechanized top coal caving face through interlayer hard roof is measured. It is revealed that under the influence of parallel coal pillar, vertical coal pillar and end superimposed coal pillar, the mining of lower coal seam has the characteristics of strong rock pressure behavior such as support resistance rise, frame pressing, rib spalling and roof fall. The overlying coal pillar and hard roof are the main factors causing the strong ground pressure behavior of 4^-2 coal seam.

(3) Through theoretical analysis, similarity simulation and numerical calculation, the breaking movement “O-X” characteristics of hard roof in the process of entering and exiting the overlying parallel coal pillar in fully mechanized top coal caving face are studied. The structural mechanics model of roof "seesaw" during the period when the working face passes through coal pillars is established, the mechanism of strong ground pressure in fully mechanized top coal caving face under the influence of overlying coal pillars is revealed, and the engineering verification is carried out. The relationship between the seesaw spatial geometric structure movement and stress evolution of 4^-2 coal overlying hard roof under the three states of fully mechanized top coal caving face, when entering coal pillar, under coal pillar and exiting coal pillar. It reveals the mechanism that the coal stress increases in front of the working face, the damage is obvious and it is easy to lead to the dynamic disaster of the working face when the coal pillar is 5-10m out.

(4) The characteristics of overlying rock breaking, migration and instability of fully mechanized top coal caving face under the influence of vertical coal pillar are studied. The roof boundary condition and long side B of 4^-2 coal seam are changed. The roof is transformed from four end fixed support condition to three side fixed support and one side simple condition, the broken rock mass in the goaf provides the main support.

(5) The fracture and instability characteristics of overlying rock in fully mechanized top coal caving face under the influence of superimposed coal pillars are studied. The mechanism of strong ground pressure behavior in secondary mining roadway under the influence of the superposition of stress of overlying 2^-2 coal along the trough pillar and 4^-2 coal return air along the trough pillar is revealed. According to the O-X fracture characteristics of broken overburden in fully mechanized top coal caving face, the "inverted trapezoidal" structural mechanics model of roof fracture in fully mechanized top coal caving face under vertical coal pillar is constructed. Through the numerical simulation method, the spatial structure model of vertical coal pillar outside, directly above and inside the coal pillar at the end of fully mechanized top coal caving face is established. The research shows that the horizontal distance between the overlying vertical coal pillar and the coal pillar at the end of the fully mechanized top coal caving face has a significant impact on the rock pressure behavior. When it is located directly above the end, the surrounding rock stress and plastic zone are the largest, and the impact decreases gradually with the increase of the horizontal distance.

(6) Based on the mechanism of strong ground pressure under the overlying parallel coal pillar, vertical coal pillar and superimposed coal pillar and hard roof in fully mechanized top coal caving face, the comprehensive treatment technologies of strong rock pressure, such as optimizing the mining layout, avoiding the direction of in-situ stress, using heavy high resistance hydraulic support, directional long borehole segmented hydraulic fracturing stope hard roof, conventional short borehole hydraulic fracturing trough roof and so on, are proposed. Comprehensive monitoring and early warning system for strong rock pressure in fully mechanized top coal caving face have been adopted, which realizes the intelligent monitoring and advance warning of the pressure from the roof of the working face. Through practical application, the influence of overlying coal pillar to the ground pressure in fully mechanized mining face is effectively reduced, and remarkable results are achieved.

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