随着我国经济、技术力量的不断增强，我国西部黄土地区公路建设逐渐向山区扩展，其面临的地质环境极其复杂。其中黄土滑坡对工程建设的制约越来越明显。通过对铜延一级公路黄土滑坡的现场调研，笔者获得了丰富的第一手资料，并吸收了国内外有关黄土滑坡研究的优秀成果。本文选题的目的是了解铜延一级公路沿线黄土滑坡发生发展的过程及坡体结构特征，分析黄土滑坡形成的影响因素及变形破坏特征，利用多种方法进行稳定性评价，并划分沿线黄土滑坡类型及稳定性等级。 铜延公路穿越陕北黄土塬梁峁丘陵地貌区，区内新构造活动较稳定，沟谷主要出露侏罗纪及三迭纪砂、泥岩。地表水、地下水对滑坡影响较大。黄土物理力学参数中影响滑坡稳定的重要因子为：容重、含水量、抗剪强度、弹性模量、泊松比。经调查统计，沿线黄土滑坡发育共54处，主要沿塬梁峁分布。综合考虑滑体组成物质、坡体结构、滑动面位置、滑床岩性、工程需要等标志，将铜延一级公路沿线黄土滑坡分为：黄土型、黄土基岩接触型、黄土基岩切割混合型、类黄土型。其变形特征为蠕动变形、挤压变形和拉张变形；变形破坏的地质模式主要为滑体蠕动—坡脚挤压及滑体蠕动—后缘拉张。从而得出影响黄土滑坡变形破坏的两个重要因素为：自重应力、湿度变迁；其运动学特征为“低倾角低滑速”。同时，应用工程地质类比法，在比较和分析老滑坡形成敏感性因素的基础上，得出影响黄土新滑坡稳定的敏感性因素为：地下水、软弱结构面、高临空条件。最后，结合实例，应用了极限平衡法、模糊信息化处理、有限元法、工程地质分析等方法，对黄土滑坡稳定性进行了定性定量综合评价，得出沿线54处黄土滑坡以次稳定和不稳定状态为主，分别占35.2%，33.3%，主要为黄土－基岩界面接触滑坡；稳定类占24.1％；非常稳定类最少，占7.4%，非常稳定和稳定类主要为黄土型滑坡。 在黄土滑坡稳定性分析与评价的基础上，针对影响滑坡稳定的敏感性因素，结合实例提出了不同的综合治理对策。建议在稳定性研究过程中应注重分析滑坡滑动机理及稳定性敏感因素，加强滑坡的变形监测；为防治滑坡还应加强工程地质工作。

When our country's strength of economy and technology is great developing, more and more new roads are constructed in the mountainous loess area in the west of China. Therefore the geology environment that we face to is more and more complicated. The loess land slide is an important factor to engineering. By the spot investigates and thorough research, experiment, the writer obtained plenty of first hand information about loess land slides. By the way, the writer also collected a lot of domestic and international research data about loess land slides, then absorbs the excellent fruits。The aim of the paper is to realize the process of loess land slide distortion and breakage and the characteristics of slope structure. Then analyze the influence factors and characteristics of distortion and breakage. By appraising of loess land slide stability, compartmentalize types and grades of loess land slides. TongYan highway passes through the North Shaanxi loess-plateau, loess-beam and loess -hill physiognomy area. In the area, the new tectonic movement is quiet; There mainly appears gritstone and mudstone of the Jurassic and Trias period in ditch and hollow. The surface water and the ground water are greatly influences to the landslide. In the loess physics and mechanics parameters, the important factors that affects the landslide stability is: Bulk specific gravity, water content, shearing strength, elasticity coefficient, poisson's ratio. By investigation and statistics, it is found that there are 54 loess landslides which mainly lies along loess plateau, beam and hill. Considered the slope substance, structure, sliding-surface position, sliding-bed lithology, the project need and so on, there are loess type, loess and bedrock contact type, loess and bedrock cutting the mixed type, remnant diluvial type landslide in TongYan highway. It has distortion characteristics with wriggling distortion, extrusion distortion and pull-opening distortion. The engineering geological pattern of distortion destroys is mainly landslide body wriggling with the toe of slope extrusion, landslide body wriggling with the rump pulled-opening. Thus the thesis summarizes that the influence factors of landslide distortion and breakage is deadweight stress and humidity vicissitude, that its kinematics characteristic is "the low inclination angle and lowly slides speed". At the same time, applying engineering geology analogy, in comparing and analyzing the sensitive factor of old landslide forming, the paper obtains conclusion that the sensitive factors influencing loess new landslide stability is: Ground water, weak surface, high and hard degree slope condition. Finally, In qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the author has applied limit balance method, fuzzy sets theory, limited system theory and engineering geology analyzing method with the example and so on. Then, in the 54 loess landslides, the writer concludes that the non-steady state and sub-steady state landslide is primary, separately accounting for 35.2%, 33.3%, mainly for the loess-bedrock surface contact landslide; The stable state landslide accounts for 24.1%; much-stable state least, accounts for 7.4%; They are mainly the loess landslide. In the foundation of loess landslide stability analysis and appraisal, considered the influence of landslide stable sensitive-factor, the author proposes some comprehensive programs of curing and preventing countermeasure with examples. The paper suggest that the landslide slides mechanism and the stable susceptibility factors should be paid great attention to in landslide stability research; and that strengthens the distortion monitor of landslide; In order to prevent and cure the landslide, the engineering geology work should be also strengthened.