随着我国煤炭开采技术的不断提高，自动化封闭式储煤仓得到广泛应用。其中，储煤筒仓（以下简称为煤仓）最为常见。由于煤仓环境封闭，散热条件差，“烟囱效应”明显，极易发生煤炭自燃。因此，为进一步提高煤仓自燃事故防范与处置能力，本文通过煤自然发火实验和煤仓液态CO₂降温实验，研究煤仓煤自燃预警指标、预警技术以及处置技术，并通过实验台模拟应用进行验证。进行了以下的研究：

     （1）利用大型煤自然发火试验台模拟煤仓自然发火全过程，得到了煤仓自燃过程中高温点产生位置和运移规律。分析实验结果表明：高温点产生于煤仓直筒段中部仓壁和锥斗处仓壁煤体粘结区域，并随着煤氧化进程不断向下方供风侧移动；根据煤自燃过程中温度和气体浓度变化规律，建立了以格式系数为主要预警阈值的煤仓自燃分级预警指标体系。

     （2）利用煤仓自燃液态CO₂降温实验台，研究了注入液态CO₂后煤仓内部高温区域的温度场变化规律。实验结果表明：液态CO₂注入煤仓后迅速吸热汽化，各测点温度最大降幅可达170℃，其中二平面平均温度下降33℃；停注静置5h后，煤仓内各高温区域平均温度明显小于初始平均温度，其中二平面平均温度较初始温度下降22.3℃，说明液态CO₂对处置煤仓自燃具有优异效果。

     （3）利用Fluent数值模拟软件研究煤仓内气体分布规律，分析煤仓自燃特点以及自燃危险区域。结合煤仓自燃分级预警指标体系和液态CO₂防灭火技术，构建了煤仓自燃分级预警与液态CO₂应急处置系统，确定了系统布置方案和系统预警处置逻辑，设计了系统的总体架构、控制程序以及上位机功能界面。

     （4）通过改造实验台实现了煤仓自燃分级预警与液态CO₂应急处置系统的应用验证，结果表明：当系统发出预警时，处置系统会根据系统发出的预警等级，按照预设的处置措施进行自动操作。应用结果说明该系统监测预警功能精准迅速，应急处置功能及时有效，有效确保了煤仓的安全运转。

         With the continuous improvement of coal mining technology in my country, automatic closed coal storage bins have been widely used. Among them, coal storage silos (hereinafter referred to as coal bunker) are the most common. Due to the closed environment of the coal bunker and the poor heat dissipation conditions, the "chimney effect" is obvious, and coal spontaneous combustion is very likely to occur. Therefore, in order to further improve the ability to prevent and deal with spontaneous combustion accidents in coal bunker, this paper studies the coal bunker coal spontaneous combustion early warning index, early warning technology and disposal technology through the coal spontaneous combustion experiment and the coal bunker liquid CO₂ cooling experiment, and verified by the experimental bench simulation application. The following studies were carried out:

         (1) The coal bunker spontaneous ignition test bench was used to simulate the whole process of coal bunker spontaneous ignition, and the generation position and migration law of high temperature points in the coal bunker spontaneous combustion process were obtained. The analysis and experimental results show that the high temperature point occurs in the coal-bonding area of the bunker wall in the middle of the straight section of the coal bunker and the bunker wall, and moves to the lower air supply side with the coal oxidation process; According to the change law of temperature and gas concentration in the process of coal spontaneous combustion, a coal bunker spontaneous combustion graded early warning index system with Graham coefficient as the main early warning threshold is established.

         (2) Using the coal bunker spontaneous combustion liquid CO₂ cooling test bench, the coal bunker spontaneous combustion liquid CO₂ cooling experiment was designed, and the temperature field change law in the high temperature area inside the coal bunker after liquid CO₂ injection was studied. The experimental results show that: after liquid CO₂ is injected into the coal bunker, it quickly absorbs heat and vaporizes. The maximum temperature drop at each measuring point can reach 170 °C, and the average temperature of the No. 2 plane drops by 33 °C; the injection is stopped for 5 hours. After that, the average temperature of each high temperature area in the coal bunker was significantly lower than the initial average temperature, and the average temperature of the No. 2 plane was 22.3 °C lower than the initial temperature, indicating that liquid CO₂ has an excellent effect on the spontaneous combustion of the coal bunker.

        (3) Fluent numerical simulation software was used to study the gas distribution law in the coal bunker, and to analyze the spontaneous combustion characteristics of the coal bunker and the danger zone of spontaneous combustion. Combining the coal bunker spontaneous combustion grading early warning index system and liquid CO₂ fire-fighting technology, a coal bunker spontaneous combustion grading early warning and liquid CO₂ emergency disposal system was constructed, the system layout plan and system early warning disposal logic were determined, and the overall structure of the system, control procedures and the upper computer function interface.

       (4) The application verification of the coal bunker spontaneous combustion grading early warning and liquid CO₂ emergency disposal system was realized by transforming the experimental bench. The results show that when the system issues an early warning, the disposal system will automatically operate according to the pre-set disposal measures according to the warning level issued by the system. The application results show that the monitoring and warning function of the system is accurate and rapid, and the hierarchical disposal function is timely and effective, which effectively ensures the safe operation of the bunker.

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