在当今知识经济社会中，科学技术占据非常重要的位置，企业在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出的关键方法就是提升自己的创新能力，只有不断地创新，才能保证不被市场所淘汰。而科技型小微企业是企业创新的代表，具有高创新性和高技术性的特点，是未来高科技大型技术企业的基础和萌芽。 本文在分析山东省科技型小微企业创新能力现状及存在问题的基础上，借鉴国内外学者研究成果及企业创新能力的相关理论，将影响企业创新能力的因素分为创新资源的投入、企业家的管理能力、创新产出和外部创新环境四大方面，并选取15个指标构建了山东省科技型小微企业创新能力评价指标体系。通过运用层次分析法确定各指标权重，并选取一个企业进行实证，经研究得出以下结论：第一，科技型小微企业的创新投入对其创新能力的影响很显著，据此本文认为增加研发经费投入及研发人员比重是提升山东省科技型小微企业创新能力的有效途径之一；第二，科技型小微企业的创新产出对其创新能力的提升也很重要，据此本文认为山东省科技型小微企业应注重创新投入的产出，及时把创新能力转化为生产力，提高创新产品的市场占有率，并注重专利、专有技术等知识产权的申请保护；第三，企业家管理能力中的企业家创新决策能力和外部创新环境中与外部组织的合作对提升山东省科技型小微企业创新能力也有比较重要的影响，据此本文认为科技型小微企业应提高其领导者的创新决策能力，同时应注意通过与外部组织的协同合作提升其创新能力。

In the modern society, innovation and technology have been recognized as important resources. For an enterprise, the crucial element to gain the advantages in the fierce market competition is to improve the innovation ability. The only method of avoiding failures in competition is to keep innovation. Technology-based small and micro enterprises, which are featured with high-level of technology and high-level of innovation, are the representatives of innovation-orientation enterprises. These enterprises are also the basics and seeds for growing as large corporations with sophisticated technology. This study analyzed the current conditions and problems existing in technology-based small and micro enterprises in Shandong province. Based on reviewing of Chinese and western literature and theories related with enterprise innovation, this study selected 15 factors based on four dimensions (i.e. resources for innovation, management ability for managers, output of innovation and environment for innovation) to construct an evaluation system assessing the technology-based small and micro enterprises’ abilities of innovation. Through Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), this study put weight to each factors. Finally, to test the validity and reliability of this evaluation system, this study selected an enterprise for empirical examination. The conclusion are presented as follows:Firstly，innovation input of technology-based small and micro enterprises has significant impact on their innovation capacities. Accordingly, increasing investment in R&D expenditures and R&D personnel proportion is one of the effective ways to enhance the innovation ability of technology-based small and micro enterprises in Shandong province. Secondly, innovation output of technology-based small and micro enterprises is also very important to enhance their innovation capacities. Therefore, technology-based small and micro enterprises in Shandong province should focus on innovation output, turn innovation capability into productivity promptly, increase the market share of innovative products, pay attention to the protection of patents, proprietary technology and other intellectual property rights. Thirdly, the entrepreneurial decision-making ability to innovate and the collaboration with external organizations also have important impact on the promotion of innovation capacities of technology-based small and micro enterprises in Shandong province. Therefore, leaders of technology-based small and micro enterprises should improve their decision-making ability to innovate, also enhance the enterprise’s innovation capacities through collaboration with external organizations.