陕北煤矿区浅埋煤层开采覆岩与地表移动破坏不仅会引发地面塌陷，而且会造成地表沟道溃水水害，从而对煤矿安全生产造成严重威胁。因此，浅埋煤层开采覆岩与地表移动破坏规律是当前煤矿生产中灾害防治亟待解决的重要问题。本文以榆神府矿区红柳林煤矿中西部芦草沟过沟开采工作面为研究对象，采用理论分析、数值模拟和相似材料模拟等方法，对浅埋煤层过沟开采覆岩与地表移动破坏规律进行研究，为浅埋煤层过沟开采水害防治提供参考依据。

基于关键层理论对红柳林井田芦草沟不同煤层开采下覆岩关键层进行了分析判别，采用相似材料模拟和FLAC^3D数值模拟对芦草沟不同区段不同首采煤层过沟开采的导水裂隙带发育高度和地表移动变形规律进行了研究。2^-2煤层开采裂采比大于28.3，地表下沉系数为0.66，水平移动系数为0.27；3^-1煤层开采裂采比大于20，地表下沉系数为0.75，水平移动系数为0.55；4^-2煤层开采裂采比大于11.5，地表下沉系数为0.4，水平移动系数为0.84。依据相似材料模拟、数值模拟和邻近区域钻孔实测结果，综合确定单煤层裂采比为29.5，2^-2、3^-1、4^-2首采煤层过沟开采导水裂隙带均导通沟谷底部。关键层的存在会对导水裂隙带的发育起到延缓作用，且关键层破断后地表下沉量明显大于没有关键层的下沉量。

通过相似材料模拟和FLAC^3D数值模拟研究，得到了芦草沟不同区段双煤层过沟开采导水裂隙带发育高度和地表移动变形规律。双煤层开采时，由于其与上覆煤层间距较近，均能导通至上覆煤层采空区。2^-2、3^-1煤层开采条件下，导水裂隙带高度为112m，地表下沉系数为0.77，水平移动系数为0.29；3^-1、4^-2煤层开采条件下，导水裂隙带高度为109.5m，地表下沉系数为0.71，水平移动系数为0.39；4^-2、5^-2煤层开采条件下，导水裂隙带高度为93m，地表下沉系数为0.45，水平移动系数为0.58。相比于单煤层开采，双煤开采导水裂隙带进一步发育（均导通地表），下沉系数增大。

通过相似材料模拟，对过沟区域采动地表裂缝的发育特征进行了分析。回采方向与坡向一致时，随工作面推进斜坡上先出现微小裂缝，进而发育成反错台，地表裂缝宽度具有由小变大、再到稳定的动态变化规律；沟底坡脚随工作面推进先出现微小裂缝，由于坡体下滑推挤作用进而发育成微小隆起，地表裂缝宽度随着工作面推采具有开裂-（半）闭合-张开-稳定的动态变化规律；回采方向与坡向相反时，地表裂缝宽度具有开裂-闭合-稳定的动态变化规律。

Overburden mining and surface movement destruction of shallow coal seam in northern Shaanxi coal mine area will not only cause ground collapse, but also cause water damage of surface gully, which poses a serious threat to coal mine safety production.Therefore, the failure law of overburden and surface movement in shallow coal seam mining is an important problem to be solved in disaster prevention and control in coal mine production.Taking Lucaogou trench mining face in the central and western part of Hongliulin Coal Mine in Yushenfu mining area as the research object, this paper uses the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and similar material simulation to study the failure law of overlying rock and surface movement in shallow coal seam trench mining, so as to provide reference basis for water disaster prevention and control in shallow coal seam trench mining.

Based on the key layer theory, the key strata of overlying strata under different coal seams in Lucaogou in Hongliulin mine field are analyzed and discriminated. The development height of water diversion fracture zone and the law of surface movement and deformation in different first mining coal seams in different sections of Lucaogou are studied by using similar material simulation and FLAC^3D numerical simulation.The split mining ratio of 2^-2 coal seam is more than 28.3, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.66, the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.27, the surface subsidence coefficient is more than 20, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.75, the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.55, the split mining ratio of 4^-2 coal seam is greater than 11.5, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.4, and the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.84.According to the simulation of similar materials, numerical simulation and the measured results of boreholes in the adjacent area, it is comprehensively determined that the fracture zone of water diversion in the first mining coal seam leads to the bottom of the valley when the fracture ratio of single coal seam is 29.5 2^-2, 3^-1 and 4^-2, and the development of water-conducting fracture zone is restrained when there is a key layer in the upper part. When there is a key layer in the overlying strata, the subsidence curve of the surface is the largest in the middle, which is obviously larger than that on both sides.

Through the study of similar material simulation and FLAC^3D numerical simulation, the development height of water diversion fracture zone and the law of surface movement and deformation in double coal seam mining in different sections of Lucaogou are obtained.In double coal seam mining, it can lead to the goaf of the overlying coal seam because of its close distance with the overlying coal seam. Under the mining condition of 2^-2 and 3^-1 coal seams, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is 112m, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.77, and the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.29 under the mining conditions of 3^-1 and 4^-2 coal seams, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is 109.5m, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.71, and the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.39.Under the mining condition of 4^-2 and 5^-2 coal seams, the height of the water diversion fracture zone is 93m, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.45 and the horizontal movement coefficient is 0.58.Compared with single coal seam mining, the water diversion fracture zone of double coal mining is further developed (both lead to the surface), and the subsidence coefficient increases..

Through the simulation of similar materials, the development characteristics of mining surface cracks in the trench area are analyzed.When the mining direction is consistent with the slope direction, small cracks first appear on the slope with the advance of the working face, and then develop into an anti-fault platform, and the surface crack width changes dynamically from small to large, and then to stable.With the advance of the working face, the micro-cracks first appear at the foot of the ditch slope, and then develop into a micro-uplift due to the sliding and pushing of the slope, and the surface crack width has a dynamic change law of cracking-(semi) closing-opening-stability with the pushing and mining of the working face; when the mining direction is opposite to the slope direction, the surface crack width has a dynamic change law of cracking-closing-stability.

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