摘 要 南梁煤矿采煤工作面开采过程中，由于水的渗入，工作面顶板不断出现漏水，不仅给生产带来很大的影响，而且降低了企业的经济效益，甚至威胁到工人们的健康与生命。 在此背景下，本文对此矿井气候条件及出水点的基本情况进行考察，通过物理实验，测出了上覆岩层土层的基本性质；然后画出了各个出水点的剖面图，由剖面图可以看出，巷道漏水问题的水源主要是地表水；对开采过程对土层隔水层的影响进行了相似材料模拟实验，由实验结果可以看出，随着开采过程的进行，上覆岩层遭到了破坏，裂隙形成迅速，且地表出现了多条裂缝，裂缝在不同程度上贯穿到了裂隙带，导致地表水渗入巷道，影响了正常生产；最后运用RFPA软件对开采过程进行数值模拟，通过与实验数据进行对比，得到结论：在基岩厚度较小的条件下，巨厚的土层具有重要作用；基岩厚度小于裂隙带高度，只要隔水岩土层厚度达62 m，降水不会渗漏到井下；同时，对于采区某些地处沟谷区域，基岩较薄且无土层，应特别采取防水措施；另外，鉴于地表水源主要是大气降水，所以生产期应尽量避开雨季期。

Abstract At Coalmine of Nanliang,with the face developing,there is more and more water on the roof of the face,so that the producing is so hard,at the same time,economic benefits are reducing，even health and life of the workers are threatened. Against this background,this article study conditions of climatic and leakage points,analyze the character of the overburden by many physical experiments.I draw the profile of the water points,by which we can see that roadway leaking water source is surface water.I do the similar material simulation experiment of the influence of the impermeable soil when mining process.From the experimental results we can see that, with the mining process, the overburden have been destroyed, and cracks quickly formed, and the surface cracks, cracks in varying degrees throughout the fracture zone, causing surface water to seep into the roadway, affectingnormal production.Finally,I use the software RFPA tosimulate the mining process.Contasted with the experimental data,I get the final conclusion. Smaller bedrock thickness, the thick soil layer plays an important role; the bedrock thickness is less than the fracture zone height, as long as the impermeable soil layer thickness of 62 m, precipitation does not leak into the underground;Mining area is located in the valley area, the the bedrock is thin and no soil, waterproofing measures should be taken.In view of the surface water source is precipitation, so the production period should be avoided during the rainy season period.