煤柱护巷作为我国煤炭井工开采中维护巷道稳定的常规方法一直沿用至今。基于“蝶形塑性区理论”，研究了巷道围岩塑性区偏转特性的形成机制，并分析了巷道断面形状及围岩性质对塑性区偏转特性的影响。以赵固二矿11030运输巷为工程背景，对不同煤柱尺寸条件下回采巷道主应力方向及塑性区形态分布特征和演化规律进行了系统性研究，揭示了主应力方向和塑性区形态的煤柱尺寸效应形成机制，在此基础上，探讨了煤柱尺寸效应与围岩稳定性的关系，通过现场探测验证了巷道围岩破坏情况，针对性提出了支护参数优化方案。主要研究内容及结果如下：

（1）以非静水压力场下圆孔周围塑性区边界方程为基础，推导出主应力偏转角度与极坐标角度的余弦四次隐性方程，在此基础上研究发现围岩塑性区具有偏转特性：当主应力发生偏转时，围岩塑性区会随之偏转相同角度；同时，围岩塑性区的偏转特性基本不会因巷道断面形状或围岩性质发生改变。

（2）以赵固二矿11030运输巷为工程背景，利用数值模拟研究发现不同煤柱尺寸条件下，巷道围岩主应力方向分布特征存在较大差异。且随着煤柱尺寸的增加，围岩区域应力场中的最大主应力逐渐向竖直方向偏转，同时，巷道围岩不同位置的最大主应力方向偏转对煤柱尺寸表现出不同的敏感性。

（3）通过数值模拟进一步对不同煤柱尺寸条件下的围岩塑性区进行研究发现：回采巷道围岩塑性区会因煤柱尺寸不同而呈现差异化分布特征，同时，巷道不同位置围岩塑性区形态对煤柱尺寸改变表现出不同的敏感度，导致巷道围岩变形呈现非均匀特征，即煤柱尺寸效应对巷道不同位置围岩稳定性的影响程度不同。

（4）通过现场探测验证发现11030运输巷围岩非均匀变形特征与围岩塑性区分布形态高度一致，基于煤柱尺寸效应，对11030运输巷进行支护参数优化，提出采用高延伸率、高强度支护材料进行补强支护，现场工业性试验表明支护方案可以减少围岩60%以上变形量，保证巷道围岩安全稳定。

本研究为不同煤柱尺寸条件下回采巷道围岩稳定性控制提供理论参考。

Coal pillar roadway protection has been used up to now as a conventional method to maintain roadway stability in coal mining in my country. Based on the "butterfly plastic zone theory", the formation mechanism of the deflection characteristics of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway is studied, and the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the roadway and the properties of the surrounding rock on the deflection characteristics of the plastic zone is analyzed. Taking the 11030 transport roadway of Zhaogu No. 2 Mine as the engineering background, a systematic study was carried out on the principal stress direction and the shape distribution characteristics and evolution law of the plastic zone in the mining roadway under different coal pillar sizes. On this basis, the relationship between the coal pillar size effect and the surrounding rock stability was discussed, and the damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway was verified through field detection, and the optimization scheme of supporting parameters was proposed. The main research contents and results are as follows:

(1) Based on the boundary equation of the plastic zone around the circular hole under the non-hydrostatic pressure field, the cosine quartic invisible equation of the deflection angle of the principal stress direction and the polar coordinate angle is derived. On this basis, it is found that the plastic zone of the surrounding rock has deflection characteristics : When the principal stress direction is deflected, the plastic zone of the surrounding rock will deflect by the same angle; at the same time, the deflection characteristics of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock will not change due to the shape of the roadway section or the properties of the surrounding rock.

(2) Taking the 11030 transport roadway of Zhaogu No. 2 Mine as the engineering background, it is found that the distribution characteristics of the principal stress direction of the surrounding rock of the roadway are quite different under the condition of different coal pillar sizes. And with the increase of the coal pillar size, the direction of the maximum principal stress in the stress field in the surrounding rock area gradually deflects to the vertical direction. At the same time, the deflection of the maximum principal stress direction at different positions of the surrounding rock of the roadway shows different sensitivities to the coal pillar size.

(3) Numerical simulation was used to further study the plastic zone of surrounding rock under different coal pillar sizes. It was found that the surrounding rock plastic zone of the mining roadway will show differentiated distribution characteristics due to different coal pillar sizes. The different sensitivities of the shape of the area to the change of the coal pillar size lead to the non-uniform deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway, that is, the coal pillar size effect has different degrees of influence on the stability of the surrounding rock at different positions of the roadway.

(4) Through field detection and verification, it was found that the non-uniform deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the 11030 transportation roadway were highly consistent with the distribution shape of the surrounding rock plastic zone. Based on the coal pillar size effect, the support parameters of the 11030 transportation roadway were optimized. The strength support material is used for reinforcement support, and the on-site industrial test shows that the support scheme can reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock by more than 60%, and ensure the safety and stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.

This study provides a theoretical reference for the stability control of surrounding rock in the mining roadway under the conditions of different coal pillar sizes.

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