冻融作用引起裂隙岩体的损伤破坏是导致一系列工程冻害的重要原因。随着人类活动不断向高寒、高海拔地区推进，工程建设将会面临更多的裂隙岩体冻融损伤诱发的灾害问题。岩体裂隙中存有大量碎石、砂砾等矿物颗粒，和自然界中的水分共同影响着裂隙的冻融损伤过程。含填充物裂隙在冻结过程能否形成冻胀力（即形成冰楔）以及冻胀力如何演化，是决定冻融损伤是否产生的关键前提。为了深入揭示含填充物裂隙岩体冻融损伤机制，本文以含相同深度裂隙的有机玻璃和灰岩为研究对象，实时监测了冻融过程中裂隙水的温度场变化、冰楔的形成过程、冻胀力及冻胀变形的演化过程；同时研究填充物含量、含水量、填充物粒径等关键因素的影响；结合冰楔作用下裂隙扩展过程中声发射信号的变化，及对裂隙扩展过程和扩展形态的细观观测结果，讨论了含填充物裂隙的冻融过程和岩体裂隙的扩展规律，揭示了其力学机制。主要得到以下结论：

1.含填充物裂隙和纯水裂隙随环境温度变化呈现出相似的水热相变规律，具有明显的阶段性。不同位置含填充物裂隙在冻结过程均有明显的潜热释放和热弛豫现象，填充物比水冻结得快，填充物的存在使开始冻结的时间提前并且加速了相变过程。

2.含填充物裂隙冻融过程中的冻胀力演化曲线与纯水裂隙呈现相同趋势，均可分为5个阶段，但冻胀力更大；冻胀变形演化曲线也呈现5个阶段变化趋势，但各阶段变化规律与纯水裂隙相比有所不同。

3.不同填充物含量、含水量、填充物粒径下裂隙内部的温度变化、冻胀力演化和裂隙端部变形表现出相似的变化规律。冻结和融化过程中冻胀力峰值的大小受影响最大，冻结阶段冻胀力达到峰值的时间随填充物含量的增大逐渐前移；含水量越大冻胀力越大，达到峰值的时间逐渐后移；填充物粒径越大冻胀变形越小。

4.纯水裂隙和含填充物裂隙均由外向内冻结和融化，在冻结过程中因冻胀作用产生冰裂缝，二者冻融过程相比，纯水裂隙冻结时的未冻水区域和融化时的未融化区域位于裂隙底部，而含填充物裂隙位于裂隙中部，且相变阶段的持续时间更短。

5.反复冻融循环下冻胀力驱动岩体发生裂隙扩展导致其一分为二断裂，冻胀作用会对岩体造成严重的冻融损伤破坏。

6.断裂面细观破裂破坏类型与在体视镜下的观察结果相对应，三种破坏类型所表现出的形态特征与拉伸断裂相对应，为I型断裂过程提供了直接的理论依据。

本文揭示了冻融过程中纯水裂隙和含填充物内部温度、冻胀力的演化规律，阐明了冰楔作用下裂隙内的冻融机制和岩体裂隙扩展的力学机制。本论文的研究结果对于指导寒区工程冻害防护具有重要的理论参考价值。

The damage of fractured rock mass caused by freeze-thaw action is an important reason for a series of freezing damage in engineering. As human activities continue to advance to high cold and high-altitude areas, more disasters induced by freeze-thaw damage of fractured rock mass will be encountered in engineering construction. Rock cracks not only contain water, but also contain mineral particles such as gravel and gravel at the bottom of cracks, which jointly affect the freeze-thaw damage process of cracks. The formation of frost heave force (i.e., ice wedge formation) and the evolution of frost heave force are the key prerequisites to determine whether freeze-thaw damage occurs. In order to further reveal the freeze-thaw damage mechanism of fractured rock mass containing filled material, this paper takes limestone and plexiglass with cracks of the same depth as the research object, and real-time monitoring the temperature field changes of fractured water, the formation process of ice wedge, the evolution process of frost heave force and frost heave deformation during freeze-thaw process. At the same time, the effects of key factors such as filling content, water content and particle size were studied. Combined with the change of acoustic emission signal during crack propagation under the action of ice wedge and the microscopic observation results of crack propagation process and morphology, the freeze-thaw process of crack with filling material and the expansion law of rock crack are discussed, and the mechanical mechanism of crack propagation is revealed. The main conclusions are as follows:

1. The cracks with filling material and the cracks with pure water show similar hydrothermal phase transition law with the change of ambient temperature. Caulk freezes faster than water. The existence of caulk makes the freezing start time earlier and accelerates the phase transition process.

2. The evolvement curve of frost heave force in the crack with filling material shows the same trend as that in the crack with pure water, which can be divided into 5 stages, but the maximum frost heave force is larger. The frost heave deformation evolution curve also presents five stages, but the variation law of each stage is different from that of pure water fracture.

3. The temperature variation, frost heaving force evolution and crack end deformation show similar change rule under different fill content, water content and grain size. The peak value of frost heaving force was the most affected in the freezing and melting processes, and the time to reach the maximum value of frost heaving force in the freezing stage gradually moved forward with the increase of filling content. The higher the water content is, the greater the frost heave force is, and the time to reach the peak gradually moves later. The larger the filling particle size, the smaller the fracture end deformation.

4. In the freezing process, ice cracks are generated due to frost heave. Compared with the two freeze-thaw processes, the unfrozen water area and the unmelted area in the freezing process of the pure water crack are located at the bottom of the crack, while the filled crack is located in the middle of the crack, and the duration of phase transition is shorter.

5. Under the freeze-thaw cycle, the frost heave force drives rock cracks to expand into rock bisection and crack, and the frost heave will cause serious freeze-thaw damage to rock mass.

6. The meso-fracture failure types of the fracture surface correspond to the results observed under stereopicroscope, and the morphological characteristics of the three failure types correspond to the tensile fracture, which provides a direct theoretical basis for the process of type-I fracture.

In this paper, the evolution law of temperature and frost heave force in cracks with pure water and filled material during freeze-thaw process is revealed, and the propagation characteristics and mechanical cracking mechanism of crack end in rock mass under the action of ice wedge are expounded. The research results of this paper have important theoretical reference value for guiding the protection of freezing damage in cold areas.

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