地质聚合物是一种新型无定形到半结晶态的硅铝酸盐聚合物材料，具有优良的耐高温性、耐腐蚀性和力学性能。地质聚合物主要来源于多种富含活性硅铝成分的固体废弃物，如粉煤灰、矿渣、钢渣等。本文采用高钙粉煤灰与矿渣为原料，使用水玻璃与氢氧化钠配制碱性激发剂，在常温常压条件下制备碱激发地质聚合物。研究了水玻璃模数、NaOH浓度、矿渣掺量、硼砂掺量对碱激发地质聚合物的凝结时间、流动性及抗压强度的影响规律。利用微波加热方式养护碱激发地质聚合物，研究微波功率及照射时间对强度的影响规律。通过研究碱激发粉煤灰的水化产物、微观形貌，探讨硼砂及微波的作用机理。主要研究结果如下： 碱激发高钙粉煤灰的凝结时间较短，于20~25 min范围内发生初凝，地质聚合物的凝结时间随着碱性激发剂模数及矿渣掺量的增加而缩短。当分别加入不同质量比的硼砂后，其凝结时间随着硼砂的加入而延长。研究发现当选用模数为2.3的液体水玻璃时，抗压强度最高。随着NaOH浓度的增加，其抗压强度增加，但凝结时间缩短，同时流动性、和易性、可塑性变差；当加入3%的硼砂时，流动性适宜、抗压强度最高。使用的功率为100 W、300 W、500 W的微波辐照碱激发粉煤灰净浆，选取水玻璃模数为2.3、12 M NaOH溶液、水灰比为0.25、硼砂加入量为3%，确定了功率为300 W、养护时间3 h，为最佳养护方案。养护后的强度可以达到标准养护28 d强度的60%。采用扫描电镜观察发现，加入硼砂的碱激发粉煤灰净浆水化过程中产生某种晶体附着在粉煤灰表面，阻碍了水化反应的速度，随着龄期的增加，这种晶体减少，粉煤灰表面的玻璃质体溶解，胶凝体看起来更加致密。观察使用300 W功率微波养护后的碱激发粉煤灰净浆时发现，粉煤灰表面的玻璃体基本消失，水化产物匀称致密。

Geopolymer is a new type of amorphous to semi-crystalline aluminosilicate polymer material with excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The geopolymer is mainly derived from a variety of solid wastes rich in active silicon-aluminum components, such as fly ash, slag, steel slag and the like. In this paper, high-calcium fly ash and slag are used as raw materials, and alkaline activator is prepared by using water glass and sodium hydroxide. The alkali-excited geopolymer is prepared under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions. The effects of water glass modulus, NaOH concentration, slag content and borax content on the setting time, fluidity and compressive strength of alkali-activated geopolymers were studied. The microwave heating method was used to cure the alkali-excited geopolymer, and the influence of microwave power and irradiation time on the strength was studied. The mechanism of action of borax and microwave was discussed by studying the hydration products and microscopic morphology of fly ash. The main findings are as follows: The alkali-excited high-calcium fly ash has a short setting time, and initial setting occurs in the range of 20 to 25 minutes. The setting time of the geopolymer is shortened with the increase of the modulus of the alkaline activator and the amount of slag. When borax of different mass ratios are separately added, the setting time is prolonged with the addition of borax. The study found that when using liquid water glass with a modulus of 2.3, the compressive strength is the highest. With the increase of NaOH concentration, the compressive strength increases, but the setting time is shortened, and the fluidity, workability and plasticity are deteriorated. When 3% borax is added, the fluidity is suitable and the compressive strength is the highest. The power used is 100 W, 300 W, 500 W microwave irradiation alkali-activated fly ash paste, the water glass modulus is 2.3, 12 M NaOH solution, the water-cement ratio is 0.25, the borax addition amount is 3%, and the power is determined. 300 W, curing time 3h, is the best maintenance program. The strength after curing can reach 60% of the standard 28 d strength. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the alkali-activated fly ash pulverization process of borax produced some crystals attached to the surface of fly ash, which hindered the speed of hydration reaction, and the crystal decreased with age. The vitreous body on the surface of the fly ash dissolves and the gel looks denser. Observing the alkali-activated fly ash paste after 300 W power microwave curing, it was found that the vitreous body on the surface of the fly ash basically disappeared, and the hydration product was well-densified.