粉煤灰是具有活性的多孔球状细小颗粒，有一定的吸附性能，近年来，在废水治理中的应用与研究也越来越多，并取得了一定的成就，形成了以废治废的良性循环。但是其吸附性能普遍不佳，有必要对其进行改性处理。 本文先对取自西郊电厂和灞桥电厂的粉煤灰进行超细处理，然后进行碱改性及微波改性实验研究，以提高其吸附性能。 论文采用静态吸附法，考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH值、吸附剂用量等因素对粉煤灰超细及改性前后去除水溶液中甲基橙和Cr(VI)能力的影响，并进行了粉煤灰吸附剂的再生实验研究，得出的主要研究结果如下： （1）通过对比原粉煤灰和超细粉煤灰对水溶液中甲基橙和Cr(VI)的吸附性能，发现超细粉煤灰较之原粉煤灰有很好的吸附性能，且粒径较小的灞桥电厂粉煤灰吸附性能优于西郊电厂粉煤灰，说明粉煤灰的吸附能力取决于粉煤灰的粒径和其比表面积，粒径小的粉煤灰吸附能力比较好。 （2）在不同的因素下研究改性超细粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附效果，得出最佳吸附条件。碱改性超细粉煤灰：投加量为0.5g，甲基橙溶液浓度为100mg/l，溶液体积为50ml，温度为25℃，振荡时间为120min，pH=5，灞桥和西郊电厂粉煤灰的吸附量分别为6.93mg/g、6.23mg/g；微波改性超细粉煤灰：投加量为0.5g，甲基橙溶液浓度为100mg/l，溶液体积为50ml，温度为25℃，振荡时间为90min，pH=6，灞桥和西郊电厂粉煤灰的吸附量分别为7.82mg/g、7.17mg/g。 （3）在不同的因素下研究改性超细粉煤灰对Cr(VI)的影响，得出最佳吸附条件。碱改性粉煤灰：投加量为1.5g，Cr(VI)溶液浓度为100mg/l，溶液体积为50ml，温度为25℃，振荡时间为90min，pH=6，灞桥和西郊电厂粉煤灰的吸附量分别为4.60mg/g、4.44mg/g；微波改性超细粉煤灰：投加量为0.7g，Cr(VI)溶液浓度为100mg/l，溶液体积为50ml，温度为25℃，振荡时间为60min，pH=8，灞桥和西郊电厂粉煤灰的吸附量分别为3.88mg/g、3.61mg/g。 （4）通过实验确定了原粉煤灰、超细粉煤灰及改性超细粉煤灰对甲基橙和含Cr(VI)废水的吸附等温线、吸附动力学及热力学参数。结果表明，原粉煤灰、超细粉煤灰及改性超细粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附符合Frendlich吸附等温式，对Cr(VI)的吸附反应符合Langmuir吸附等温式；原粉煤灰、超细粉煤灰及改性超细粉煤灰对甲基橙和Cr(VI)的吸附过程均属于放热反应过程，升高温度不利于它们的吸附；原粉煤灰、超细粉煤灰及改性超细粉煤灰对甲基橙和Cr(VI)的吸附可以用二级吸附动力学方程来描述。 （5）再生后的改性超细粉煤灰仍然具有良好的吸附性能。吸附实验结果显示：粉煤灰的最佳再生条件为，超声功率为160W，超声时间为20min，灞桥和西郊电厂再生粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附量分别为4.33mg/g；对Cr(VI)模拟废水的吸附量分别为3.06mg/g、2.91mg/g。

The coal fly ash was a particle poss some activation, its also had some absorption capacity.The utilization rate of coal fly ash to treat wastewater was increased in recent years, we have achieved some achievements during the course of utilization of coal fly ash, the utilization of coal fly ash to treat wastewater have engendered a recycle of making use of waste to dispose waste.Because of the limitation of absorption, the coal fly ash should have to be modified to improve its absorption. In this paper, coal fly ashes obtained from Xijiao and Baqiao thermoelectricity plants were ultra-fined and then modified by alkali and microwave irradiation, which would improve the adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of methyl orange and chromium (VI) from aqueous solution were determined by reaction time, temperature, pH, dosage of adsorbent. Reprocess test of absorbent is also researched. The main achievements were as followed: (1) By contrast with the adsorption capacity of methyl orange and chromium (VI) from aqueous solution on raw coal fly ash and ultra-fine coal fly ash, it showed that ultra-fine coal fly ash had better adsorption capacity, and the Baqiao coal fly ash which was smaller in size had better adsorption capacity, so the adsorption capacity of coal fly ash was greatly relied on its diameter and specific surface area, the coal fly ash which was smaller in size had better adsorption capacity. (2) Optimum adsorption condition of methyl orange from aqueous solution on modified coal fly ash was obtained. For alkali-modified coal fly ash: the dosage of adsorbent was 0.5g, the concentration of methyl orange was 100mg/l,the volume of the solution was 50ml, pH of adsorption was 5, the reaction time was 120 minutes, the temperature was 25℃, the adsorption capacity was 6.93mg/g and 6.23mg/g respectively. For microwave irradiation modified coal fly ash: the dosage of adsorbent was 0.5g, the concentration of methyl orange was 100mg/l,the volume of the solution was 50ml, pH of adsorption was 6, the reaction time was 90 minutes, the temperature was 25℃, the adsorption capacity was 7.82mg/g and 7.17mg/g respectively. (3) Optimum adsorption condition of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution on modified coal fly ash was obtained. For alkali-modified coal fly ash: the dosage of adsorbent was 1.5g, the concentration of chromium(VI) solution was 100mg/l,the volume of the solution was 50ml, pH of adsorption was 6, the reaction time was 90 minutes, the temperature was 25℃, the adsorption capacity was 4.60mg/g and 4.44mg/g respectively;For microwave irradiation modified coal fly ash: the dosage of adsorbent was 0.7g, the concentration of chromium(VI) solution was 100mg/l,the volume of the solution was 50ml, pH of adsorption was 8, the reaction time was 60 minutes, the temperature was 25℃, the adsorption capacity was 3.88mg/g and 3.61mg/g respectively. (4) The adsorption isotherm model, kinetics model and thermodynamic parameters of methyl orange and chromium(VI) from aqueous solution on raw coal fly ash, ultra-fined coal fly ash and modified coal fly ash were studied. The result showed that adsorption of methyl orange fitted Frendlich isotherm model, adsorption of chromium(VI) fitted Langmuir isotherm model;the adsorption process of methyl orange and chromium(VI) from aqueous solution conform to the second-order kinetic model; the adsorption process of methyl orange and chromium(VI) from aqueous solution were proved to be exothermic. (5) The absorbent that has been used can be regenerated, and the regenerated one has good performance in the adsorption also.The adsorption experiment result showed that the optimum regeneration condition was ultrasonic power 160W, ultrasonic time 20min, the adsorption capacity on methyl orange was 4.33mg/g and 4.03mg/g respectively, the adsorption capacity on chromium(VI) was 3.06mg/g and 2.91mg/g respectively.