任何事故发生之前，可能已经经历了数次或上百次险兆事件，然而由于没有造成损失或者仅是轻微损失，往往很容易被忽视。缺乏事故前征兆的管控，是未能有效遏制煤矿事故发生的重要原因之一。目前最迫切的问题即为明晰险兆事件的致灾机理，是落实煤矿险兆事件管理，实现煤矿事故防控“关口前移”的重要举措。险兆事件背后存在着大量的管理失误因素，而有效的管理是提升员工安全作业行为、预防险兆事件的重要途径。高层管理者的安全领导力对企业安全生产具有重要作用。煤矿险兆事件的管控需要高层管理者的大力支持与推动。因此深入、系统的探讨煤矿高层管理者的安全领导力及其如何影响险兆事件，对丰富煤矿险兆事件致灾机理及提升煤矿高可靠性安全保障具有重要意义。 确定了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力结构。基于相关文献归纳，结合煤炭行业特点，总结出煤矿高层管理者安全领导力的维度，对24名煤矿高层管理者进行了访谈研究，明确了各维度下的初始项目池。基于量表小样本试测数据进行了信度分析以及探索性因子分析等，对初始项目池进行了筛选与精简，从而形成正式量表，并基于正式量表数据，采用结构方程模型建模技术，对煤矿高层管理者安全领导力结构进行了验证分析，最终得到煤矿高层管理者安全领导力包含28个要素，对应于5个维度，分别为安全素养、安全关照、安全指导、安全动机和安全控制等领导力。 构建了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响的机制模型。基于对事故致因理论、组织行为学理论、领导理论和调节焦点理论的归纳和推演，探讨了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件的直接影响，并认为煤矿高层管理者安全领导力通过煤矿组织安全氛围的中介作用间接影响煤矿险兆事件，并且该过程受到了高层管理者特质性调节焦点的调节效应影响，据此构建了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响的机制模型，并提出了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响的主效应假设、煤矿组织安全氛围的中介效应假设和特质性调节焦点的调节效应假设。 设计并测量了煤矿组织安全氛围、特质性调节焦点和煤矿险兆事件等相关研究变量。基于文献研究，结合我国煤炭行业特点对煤矿组织安全氛围和煤矿险兆事件的结构进行了研究，编制了测量量表。采用Lockwood（2002）等开发的特质性调节焦点量表对煤矿高层管理者的调节焦点倾向性进行测量。通过对各测量量表的小样本测试的信度和探索性因子分析，对各测量指标进行了精简和优化，并基于大样本测试的验证性因子分析，对各测量量表结构的有效性和稳定性进行了验证。结果表明，煤矿组织安全氛围、煤矿险兆事件及特质性调节焦点测量量表具有较好的内部一致性和结构效度。为煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响的机制模型的验证奠定了基础。 验证了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件的影响模型。基于结构方程模型建模技术，构建了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响的PA-LV假设模型，对主效应间的假设进行验证；结果表明，煤矿高层管理者安全领导力的五个维度均显著负向影响煤矿显著事件，即较好的安全领导力可以有效的减少煤矿险兆事件的发生。基于结构方程模型建模技术，构建了煤矿组织安全氛围在高层管理者安全领导力对险兆事件影响中的PA-LV中介模型，采用Bootstrap法对其进行了验证分析，结果表明，煤矿高层管理者安全领导力各维度对煤矿组织安全氛围有显著的正向影响，煤矿组织安全氛围对煤矿险兆事件有显著的负向影响，验证了煤矿组织安全氛围的中介效应；进一步采用Bootstrap对组织安全氛围的各维度作为多重并列中介变量发挥的中介作用进行了验证，结果表明，煤矿组织安全氛围各维度共同作用下发挥的中介效应显著，各维度独立发挥的中介效应具有差异性。采用Bootstrap法对特质性调节焦点在安全领导力对险兆事件的直接影响中的调节效应进行了检验，结果表明，特质促进和防御倾向处于中等和高水平状态的高层管理者，强化了其安全领导力对险兆事件的负向影响关系，对控制煤矿险兆事件发生均有积极作用，但处于低倾向水平的特质促进和防御型调节焦点的高层管理者，对其安全领导力影响险兆事件过程的调节作用不显著；采用Bootstrap法对特质性调节焦点调节组织安全氛围的中介作用进行了检验，结果表明，煤矿高层管理者的特质促进型调节焦点倾向的高、中、低三种倾向水平，均强化组织安全氛围的中介作用；而特质防御型调节焦点倾向仅高和中两种倾向水平强化了组织安全氛围的中介作用。 以上研究成果明确了煤矿高层管理者安全领导力结构，厘清了其对煤矿险兆事件的影响关系，丰富了煤矿险兆事件发生机理，对煤矿高层管理者安全领导力培养、煤矿险兆事件管控提供了理论指导，有利于煤矿事故预防和风险预控水平的提升。

Near misses may have occurred several or hundreds of times before an accident, but they are easily overlooked because no loss or only a slight loss is caused. The lack of near miss controlling before an accident is one of the important reason for not effectively curbing the occurrence of coal mine accidents. In order to serve the near miss management in coal mines more effectively and achieve the objective of Prevention Beforehand, the most urgent problem is to identify the disaster mechanism of near miss. There are a lot of management failure factors contributing to near miss, so the effective management is an important way to improve employee’ safety behaviors and prevent near miss. The safety leadership from the senior managers plays an important role in safety production. And the management of near miss in coal mines also requires senior managers’ support and promotion. Thus it’s of great significance to study the coal mine senior manager’ safety leadership and its influence on the near miss in a in-depth and systematic way for enriching the disaster mechanism of near miss and enhancing and guaranteeing high-reliability safety in coal mines. The senior managers’ safety leadership structure is determined. After a review of relevant literature, The paper summarizes the dimensions of safety leadership of senior managers in coal mines based on the characteristics of the coal industry, coal mine accident cases, and then a clear initial project of each dimension is constructed by interviewing 24 coal mine senior managers. The initial project are screened and streamlined by reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis based on a small questionnaire data, and eventually formal questionnaires are established. The safety leadership structure of senior managers has been verified by structural equation modeling techniques based on the formal questionnaire data, concluding that the safety leadership of senior managers in coal mines contains 28 elements corresponding to 5 dimensions, safety quality, safety care, safety guidance, safety motivation and safety controlling respectively. The mechanism model of the influence of senior manager’ safety leadership on near miss in coal mines is constructed. Based on the theory of accident-causing theory, organizational behavior theory, leadership theory, regulatory focus theory, the paper discusses the direct impact of coal mine senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss, and holds that senior managers’ safety leadership indirectly affects the near miss through the safety climate in coal mines as an intermediary role, and the process is influenced by the chronic regulatory focus. According to this, the mechanism model of the influence of senior manager’ safety leadership on near miss in coal mines is constructed, and then the paper puts forward the hypothesis of the main effect of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss, the hypothesis of the intermediary effect of the safety climate in coal mines and the hypothesis of the adjustment effect of chronic regulatory focus. The relevant research variables are designed and measured. Based on the literature review and the characteristics of the coal industry, the paper studies the organizational safety climate and the structure of near miss in coal mines, and develops the measurement scales. The tendency of chronic regulatory focus of senior managers is measured by the chronic regulatory focus scale developed by Lockwood (2002). Through the analysis of the reliability and exploratory factor of the small sample test of each measurement scale, the measurement indexes are reduced and optimized. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis of a large sample test, the validity and stability of each measurement scale structure are verified. The results show that the measurement scales of the organizational safety climate in coal mines, the near miss in coal mines and the chronic regulatory focus have good internal consistency and structural validity, which lays the foundation for the verification of the mechanism of the senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss in coal mines. The mechanism model of the influence of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss is tested by empirical analysis. Based on the structural equation model, the PA-LV hypothesis model of the influence of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss is constructed to test the hypothesis between the main effects. The results show that the five dimensions of senior managers’ safety leadership in coal mines have a significantly negative impact on near miss in coal mines, namely, better safety leadership can effectively reduce the occurrence of near miss in coal mines.Based on the structural equation model, the PA-LV mediator model of the organizational safety climate in the impact of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss in coal mines is constructed, and is verified by Bootstrap method. The results show that the dimensions of senior managers’ safety leadership in coal mines have significantly positive impact on the organizational safety climate of the coal mines, the organizational safety climate has significantly negative impact on near miss in coal mines, and the mediating effect of the organizational safety climate of coal mines is verified. And then the mediating effect of the dimensions of the organizational safety climate as multiple parallel mediating variables is verified by Bootstrap method. The results show that the mediating effect of the combined function of the dimensions of the organizational safety climate is significant. However, there is a difference in the mediating effect of each dimension.The adjustment effect of chronic regulatory focus on the direct impact of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss in coal mines is tested by Bootstrap model. The results show that the negative impact of safety leadership on near miss is strengthened by the senior managers with middle-level and high-level promotion focus and prevention focus, which has a positive effect on controlling near miss in coal mines. However, the low-level promotion focus and prevention focus of senior managers of coal mines have an insignificant adjustment effect of senior managers’ safety leadership on near miss. And then the paper tests the mediating role of organizational safety climate in the adjustment effect of chronic regulatory focus. The results show that the mediating effect of organizational safety climate is strengthened by the low-level, middle-level and high-level promotion focus of senior managers, but it is strengthened only by the middle-level and high-level prevention focus of senior managers. The paper identifies the structure of safety leadership of senior managers, clarifies its influence on near miss in coal mines, and enriches the mechanism of near miss in coal mines, which provides a theoretical guidance to senior managers’ safety leadership training and near miss management, and it is helpful to upgrade the prevention of accidents and the control of risks to a higher level.