~由于成煤环境及地质构造等原因，坚硬夹矸岩层的存在对煤层开采产生严重影响，常规破岩手段往往难以有效破碎坚硬夹矸岩层，导致大采高开采采掘困难、能效下降、安全成本增加及环境污染等问题。本文采用理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟及现场试验等综合研究方法，开展贯穿工作面的综采煤层厚硬砂岩夹矸层的整体破碎机理研究。通过对夹矸层三种砂岩物理力学性质、CO2耦合压裂材料力学特征、压裂过程中的CO2-水-岩耦合作用砂岩裂隙演化规律与强度劣化关系研究，揭示了砂岩夹矸层CO2-水-岩耦合作用裂缝起裂和扩展演化规律，分析了砂岩夹矸层CO2耦合破碎的影响因素。取得的主要结论如下：
（1）基于应力-应变曲线法与矿物组分法计算的三种岩样脆性系数均大于50%，适合压裂改造。粉砂岩、细粒砂岩和粗粒砂岩孔隙以封闭型为主，且连通性差，孔径分布范围分别为1.1～129nm、1.5～238nm和1.1～257nm，平均孔径分别为10.93nm、8.5nm和12.35nm，核磁共振（NMR）测得有效孔隙率分别为0.92%、3.11%和2.05%。根据CO2-H2O体系pH值随温度和压力的变化规律，构建CO2耦合压裂液体系，相比纯水，CO2耦合压裂液的表面张力及与砂岩的接触角均大幅降低，表现出更强的孔隙润湿性。
（2）CO2-水-岩耦合作用促使岩体发生力学与化学损伤，CO2质量分数为8%的耦合压裂液（CW-8）酸性最强，对岩样强度弱化作用最为显著。温度降低、孔隙压力增大，CO2在水中溶解度升高，CO2耦合压裂液pH值减小、酸性增强，加剧了耦合压裂液对岩体的化学损伤作用，造成岩体强度降低。相比温度和孔隙压力，CO2-水-岩耦合作用时间对岩样抗拉强度的弱化作用更为显著，作用时间越长，抗拉强度降低幅度越大。
（3）CO2-水-岩耦合作用后，三种砂岩试样孔隙中矿物质被溶蚀，孔隙数量增加，孔径变大，孔隙分形维数增加，孔隙结构的复杂程度提高，比表面积减小及孔容增大的同时，均存在微孔向中、大孔的转化。NMR测得三种砂岩试样耦合作用后总孔隙率、有效孔隙率及采用Coates模型计算的渗透率增幅显著；孔裂隙形态由封闭型向开放型转变，并与微观裂隙交切贯通，进一步疏通了压裂液的渗流通道。对三种砂岩试样的CT扫描图像进行双阈值分割，识别出岩样内部的孔裂隙、基质及矿物分布区域，实现耦合作用前后岩样内部结构三维重建，根据等效球体模型及分形几何理论，得到CO2-水-岩耦合作用后，粉砂岩、细粒砂岩和粗粒砂岩的孔裂隙体积分数分别增加了1.71%、1.96%和0.19%，矿物体积分数分别减少了0.44%、0.58%和0.28%，孔裂隙分形维数增加而矿物分形维数减少。
（4）根据压裂液特征，建立了考虑增压速率的CO2耦合压裂起裂压力计算模型，并分析耦合压裂液性质及作用时间对钻孔周向应力分布的影响规律。构建 型裂缝扩展准则（拉伸破坏）及 拉剪、压剪复合型断裂裂缝扩展准则并分析其影响因素。利用自研的多场多相三轴耦合压裂试验系统，分别开展夹矸岩样的清水和CO2耦合压裂相似模拟试验，发现采用CW-8压裂岩样的破裂压力最小，岩样内部损伤发展导致渗透性变形最大。
（5）明确了CO2耦合压裂过程中，温度场（T）、渗流场（H）、应力场（M）和化学场（C）间的相互作用关系，构建了夹矸层CO2耦合压裂THMC全耦合模型，利用Comsol Multiphysics中的固体力学和PDE模块联合进行求解，对比分析压裂损伤演化、损伤3D效果、弹性模量及渗透率变化规律等物理特征，验证CO2耦合压裂破岩效果。
（6）以小保当矿区112201首采和112204智能掘进两个典型工作面为工业性试验基地，设计现场压裂工艺参数并进行试验，通过安全性、效果、效率及效益等指标，验证了该技术在工作面坚硬夹矸岩层破碎软化方面的适用性。

Due to the coal-forming environment and geological structure, the existence of hard gangue layers in coal seams has a serious impact on coal mining, and it is often difficult to effectively break the hard gangue layers by conventional rock-breaking means, which leads to mining difficulties, energy efficiency decline, increased safety costs and environmental pollution in large mining height. In this paper, comprehensive research methods such as theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, numerical simulation and field tests are used to carry out the study of the overall crushing mechanism of thick hard sandstone gangue layers of fully mechanized coal seam running through long working faces. By studying the physical and mechanical properties of three types of sandstones of gangue layers, the mechanical characteristics of CO2 coupling fracturing materials, the fracture evolution law and strength degradation relationship of CO2-water-rock coupling sandstone during fracturing, reveal the fracture initiation and expansion evolution law of CO2-water-rock coupling sandstone gangue, and analyze the influencing factors of CO2 coupling fracturing of sandstone gangue layers. The main conclusions obtained are as follows:
(1) The brittleness coefficients of the three types of rock samples calculated based on the stress-strain curve method and the mineral composition method are all greater than 50%, which are suitable for fracturing stimulation.The pores of siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone are mainly closed and poorly connected. The pore size distribution ranges from 1.1 to 129 nm, 1.5 to 238 nm and 1.1 to 257 nm, and the average pore sizes are 10.93 nm, 8.5 nm and 12.35 nm, respectively. The effective porosity measured by NMR was 0.92%, 3.11% and 2.05%, respectively. According to the variation law of pH value of CO2-H2O system with temperature and pressure, the CO2 coupling fracturing fluid system was constructed. Compared with pure water, the surface tension and contact angle of CO2 coupling fracturing fluid with gangue rock sample are greatly reduced, which shows stronger pore wettability.
(2) The CO2-water-rock coupling interaction causes mechanical damage to the rock mass. The coupling fracturing fluid (CW-8) with a CO2 mass fraction of 8% is the most acidic and has the most significant weakening effect on the strength of the rock samples. The decrease of temperature and increase of pore pressure lead to the increase of CO2 solubility in water, the decrease of pH value and increase of acidity of CO2 coupling fracturing fluid, which intensifies the chemical damage effect of coupling fracturing fluid on rock mass and decreases the tensile strength. Compared with temperature and pore pressure, the time of CO2-water-rock coupling interaction has a more significant weakening effect on the tensile strength of rock samples, and the longer the action time, the greater the reduction of tensile strength.
(3) After CO2-water-rock coupling interaction, the minerals in the pores are dissolved, the number of pores increases, and the pore size becomes larger, the fractal dimension of pores increases after the coupling interaction of three types of gangue rock samples, the complexity of pores increases, the specific surface area of rock samples decreases, the pore volume increases, and the micropores transform to medium and large pores. The total porosity, effective porosity and permeability calculated by the Coates model after the coupling interaction of the three types of sandstone samples measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) increased significantly. The shape of pores and fissures changed from closed to open, t the pore openness increases, and the pores and microscopic fissures intersected and penetrated to increase the seepage channel of water. The CT images of three kinds of sandstone samples were segmented by double thresholds to identify the pores, fissures, matrix and mineral distribution areas inside the rock samples, and realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal structure of the rock samples before and after the coupling action. According to the equivalent sphere model and the fractal geometry theory, After the CO2-water-rock coupling effect was obtained, the pore and fracture volume fractions of siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone increased by 1.71%, 1.96% and 0.19%, respectively, and the mineral volume fraction decreased by 0.44%, 0.58% and 0.28%, respectively, the fractal dimension of pores and fractures increases while the fractal dimension of minerals decreases.
(4) Based on the characteristics of fracturing fluid, a calculation model of CO2 coupling fracturing initiation pressure considering the pressurization rate is established, and the influence of the properties and action time of the coupled fracturing fluid on the circumferential stress distribution of the borehole are analyzed. The  -type crack propagation criterion (tensile failure) and the   tensile-shear and compression-shear composite fracture propagation criterion were constructed and their influencing factors were analyzed. Using the self-developed multi-field and multi-phase coupled fracturing test system, a similar simulation test of clear water and CO2 coupling fracturing was carried out on the gangue sample，and found that the fracture pressure of rock samples fractured with CW-8 was the smallest and the time to reach the fracture pressure was the longest, and analyzed the permeability deformation characteristics of the fracturing process.
(5) The interaction relationship among the temperature field (T), seepage field (H), stress field (M) and chemical field (C) of CO2 coupling fracturing was clarified, and the THMC fully coupled model of CO2 coupling fracturing in the gangue layer was constructed. The solid mechanics and PDE modules in Comsol Mutiphysics are used to solve the problem, and the physical characteristics such as fracturing damage evolution, damage 3D effect, elastic modulus and permeability change laws are compared and analyzed, and the rock breaking effect of CO2 coupling fracturing is verified.
(6) Taking the two typical working faces of 112201 first mining and 112204 intelligent excavation in Xiaobaodang mining area as the industrial test base, the fracturing process parameters are designed and field tests are carried out, and the applicability of the technology in crushing and softening the hard gangue layer at the working face is verified by the indexes of safety, effectiveness, efficiency and benefit.
 

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