近距离煤层群随着煤层间距的减小，煤层开采相互影响会逐渐增大，下部煤层采前其顶板的完整程度已经受到上部煤层开采影响，上部煤层采空区或者是上部煤层开采后残留区段煤柱在底板形成的集中应力，将会导致下部煤层开采过程中顶板运动结构和应力环境发生显著变化，从而出现许多新的动压灾害。

      本文运用理论分析、试验分析、数值模拟计算、相似模拟实验以及现场工业试验等研究手段，分析了近距离煤层开采强矿压显现特征及影响因素，揭示了近距离煤层开采矿山压力规律，模拟计算了近距离煤层开采覆岩位移及裂隙发育过程，在传统的水压致裂的基础上，建立煤岩体气液耦合压裂裂隙起裂扩展准则，推导出耦合压裂岩层起裂压力计算模型，提出应用耦合压裂技术释放上煤层间隔煤柱采空区集中应力控制动载矿压方法，为有效控制近距离煤层间隔煤柱下开采动载矿压切顶压架灾害提供了依据。研究结果表明：

      （1）通过观测韩家湾矿矿压数据分析工作面来压特征：工作面强矿压主要出现在上覆岩层残留煤柱区下方，在进出大煤柱区域时会造成切顶且支架活柱出现压缩现象；工作面的初次来压和周期来压受到上覆残留煤柱区的影响均较大；强矿压会造成地震效应，能量主要集中在上覆残留的煤柱及煤柱上方的顶板。

     （2）通过研究韩家湾矿的地质、技术条件及煤岩体的物理力学性质分析诱发近距离煤层开采强矿压显现的影响因素有两个主要方面：当下煤层开采厚度较大时，破断岩块较大回转量而无法形成稳定的平衡“砌体梁”结构并且容易失稳，当结构发生失稳会对工作面来压产生影响；煤柱上方关键块体相对回转运动传递的过大载荷造成了块体E“砌体梁”结构的滑落失稳，从而导致工作面顶板直接沿断裂线切落。

      （3）以韩家湾矿2^-2煤和3^-1煤为研究对象，运用FLAC^3D、UDEC研究覆岩应力分布规律、覆岩的运动规律、覆岩裂隙发育、液压支架承受载荷及压缩量，分析可知：当3^-1煤工作面在2^-2煤充分采动区下推进时，工作面超前应力最小；工作面在2^-2煤小煤柱区下方推进时，由于煤柱群发生剪切破坏失稳上覆岩层应力得到一定的释放，工作面的超前应力比2^-2煤未采动区下有所降低；工作面在2^-2煤大煤柱区下方推进时，由于应力在煤柱底板集中，工作面超前应力明显增加；3^-1煤工作面在2^-2煤房柱区尤其是大煤柱区下推进时垮落步距较未采动区和充分采动区稍大，裂隙发育更加充分并与2^-2煤采动后形成的裂隙贯通；液压支架通过不同区域受到的载荷及压缩量均有差别，在大煤柱下方受到的载荷、压缩量最大。

      （4）采用实验方法来分析不同溶液耦合压裂作用对煤岩体的破坏情况：水、CO₂溶液、ClO₂溶液耦合作用后使煤岩体单轴强度分别下降了4.32%、45.26%、62.92%；对煤岩体进行核磁共振（NMR）实验，水、CO₂溶液、ClO₂溶液耦合作用后孔隙率增加了0.93%、19.13%、19.40%，渗透率增加了25.56%、70.92%、81.15%；在扫描电镜（SEM）观测下发现，煤样内部裂隙在溶液耦合作用下得到了萌生和扩展，特别是与ClO₂溶液耦合后裂隙呈网格状分布。结合水力压裂裂缝延伸模型及摩尔库伦准则分析耦合压裂破坏裂缝扩展作用的机理，可以验证溶液耦合压裂对煤岩体的破坏作用。

      （5）搭建韩家湾煤矿近距离煤层开采相似模拟模型，对模型进行模拟开采分析可知：未采动区下工作面回采期间的覆岩运动规律和矿压显现规律与单一煤层开采并无差异；工作面在小煤柱区下开采，来压步距较未采动区下工作面开采有所减小，3^-1煤工作面顶板跨落后裂隙扩展导致煤柱剪切破坏；在进出大煤柱区域下开采，工作面顶板发生大面积切落，矿压显现强烈，上覆岩层应力瞬间被释放，在工作面煤壁前方形成较大的应力集中，应力峰值与其他次周期来压时相比明显加大；在充分采动区下工作面回采，3^-1煤工作面顶板集中应力较未采动区下回采有明显降低；对房柱区进行耦合压裂处理后，煤柱区载荷集中程度降低，压力峰值由48MPa降低至35MPa，进出大煤柱顶板切落面积变小。

      （6）根据韩家湾矿生产实际设计耦合压裂处理集中煤柱现场试验方案，应用课题组自行研制液压设备对韩家湾矿煤柱集中区进行耦合压裂，通过观察钻孔裂隙扩展可知裂隙密度提高了 2～5 倍，耦合压裂区钻孔裂隙呈环向和轴向交叉的形式分布，且裂隙宽度较大；工作面支架受到的最大压力为34 MPa，周期来压时工作面支架受到的压力在32.5 MPa～34 MPa之间，韩家湾设计选取的支架符合承载要求，验证了利用耦合压裂技术的适用性。

      With the decrease of coal seam spacing, the interaction of coal seam mining will gradually increase. The integrity of the roof of the lower coal seam before mining has been affected by the mining of the upper coal seam. The concentrated stress formed by the coal pillar in the floor of the upper coal seam goaf or the residual section of the upper coal seam after mining will lead to significant changes in the roof movement structure and stress environment during the mining of the lower coal seam, resulting in many new dynamic pressure disasters.

      In this paper, theoretical analysis, experimental analysis, numerical simulation, similar simulation experiment and field industrial test are used to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of strong mine pressure in close-distance coal seam mining, reveal the law of mine pressure in close-distance coal seam mining, and simulate the displacement and fracture development process of overlying strata in close-distance coal seam mining. On the basis of traditional hydraulic fracturing, the crack initiation and propagation criterion of gas-liquid coupling fracturing of coal and rock mass is established, and the calculation model of initiation pressure of coupling fracturing rock stratum is deduced. A dynamic load mine pressure prevention and control method for releasing the concentrated stress in the goaf of upper coal seam interval coal pillar by coupling fracturing technology is proposed. It provides a basis for the effective prevention and control of the roof cutting and support crushing disaster of the dynamic load mining under the interval coal pillar in the close distance coal seam. The results show that :

      （1）Through the observation of Hanjiawan mine pressure data, the pressure characteristics of the working face are analyzed : The strong mine pressure of the working face mainly occurs below the residual coal pillar area of the overlying strata, and when entering and leaving the large coal pillar area, the roof will be cut and the support column will be compressed；The first weighting and periodic weighting of the working face are greatly affected by the overlying residual coal pillar area ；strong rock pressure will cause seismic effect, and the energy is mainly concentrated in the overlying residual coal pillar and the roof above the coal pillar.

      （2）By studying the geological and technical conditions of Hanjiawan Mine and the physical and mechanical properties of coal rock mass, there are two main factors inducing the emergence of strong ore pressure in close-range coal seam mining:When the thickness of coal seam mining is large, the broken rock block has a large rotation amount and cannot form a stable balanced "masonry beam" structure and is easy to become unstable, and when the structure is unstable, it will affect the pressure of the working face; Due to the excessive load transmitted by the relative rotational movement of the key block above the coal column, the slippage and instability of the "masonry beam" structure of block E caused, resulting in the roof of the working face directly cutting down along the fracture line.

      （3）Taking 2^-2 coal and 3^-1 coal in Hanjiawan Mine as the research object，FLAC^3D and UDEC are used to study the stress distribution law of overburden rock, the movement law of overburden rock, the development of overburden rock fracture, the load and compression of hydraulic support. When the 3^-1 coal working face advances under the fully mining area of 2^-2 coal, the advance stress of the working face is the smallest ;when the working face is advancing under the 2^-2 coal pillar area, the stress of the overlying strata is released due to the shear failure of the coal pillar group, and the advance stress of the working face is lower than that of the 2^-2 coal unmined area;When the working face is advancing under the large coal pillar area of 2^-2 coal seam, due to the stress concentration in the coal pillar floor, the advance stress of the working face increases obviously.The caving step distance of the 3^-1 coal working face in the 2^-2 coal room and pillar area, especially the large coal pillar area, is slightly larger than that in the non-mining area and the fully mining area, and the fracture development is more fully and connected with the fracture formed after the 2^-2 coal mining. The load and compression of the hydraulic support through different regions are different, and the load and compression under the large coal pillar are the largest.

      （4）The experimental method is used to analyze the damage of coal and rock mass by different solution coupling fracturing. The uniaxial strength of coal and rock mass decreases by 4.32 %, 45.26 % and 62.92 % respectively after the coupling of water, CO₂ solution and ClO₂ solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) experiments were carried out on coal rock mass. After the coupling of water, CO₂ solution and ClO₂ solution, the porosity increased by 0.93 %, 19.13 % and 19.40 %, and the permeability increased by 25.56 %, 70.92 % and 81.15 %. Under the observation of scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), it was found that the internal cracks of coal samples were initiated and expanded under the coupling of solution, especially after coupling with ClO₂ solution, the cracks were distributed in a grid shape. Combined with the fracture extension model of hydraulic fracturing and Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the mechanism of fracture propagation in coupled fracturing can be analyzed, and the failure effect of solution coupled fracturing on coal and rock mass can be verified.

      （5）The similar simulation model of close distance coal seam mining in Hanjiawan Coal Mine is built, and the model is simulated and analyzed. There is no difference between the movement law of overburden rock and the law of mine pressure during the mining period of the working face under the unmined area and the single coal seam mining. The working face is mined under the small room and pillar area, and the weighting step is smaller than that of the working face under the unmined area. The roof of the 3-1 coal face spans the backward fracture expansion, which leads to the shear failure of the coal pillar. In the mining under the large coal pillar area, the roof of the working face is cut off in a large area, and the mine pressure is strong. The stress of the overlying strata is released instantaneously, and a large stress concentration is formed in front of the coal wall of the working face, and the peak value is obviously larger than that of other sub-periods. In the fully mining area under the working face mining, 3^-1 coal working face roof concentration stress is not mining area under the mining has significantly reduced ; after the coupling fracturing treatment of the room and pillar area, the load concentration in the coal pillar area is reduced, the peak pressure is reduced from 48 MPa to 35 MPa, the roof cutting area of the large coal pillar is smaller, and the roof integrity is more complete than before pressure relief.

      （6）According to the actual production of Hanjiawan Coal Mine, the field test scheme of coupling fracturing treatment of concentrated coal pillar is designed. The hydraulic equipment developed by the research group is used to carry out coupling fracturing in the coal pillar concentration area of Hanjiawan Coal Mine. By observing the expansion of borehole cracks, it can be seen that the crack density is increased by 2 ~ 5 times, and the borehole cracks in the coupling fracturing area are distributed in the form of ring and axial cross, and the crack width is large. The maximum support pressure of the working face is 34 MPa, and the support pressure is between 32.5 MPa and 34 MPa during each weighting period. The support selected by Hanjiawan design meets the bearing requirements, which verifies the applicability of the coupling fracturing technology.

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