液晶弹性体兼有液晶的有序性、流动性和弹性体的弹性。因其优异的性能得到人们广泛关注。本论文所合成的弹性体都是以聚硅氧烷为主链，含有功能性基团的液晶单体为侧链，通过硅氢加成反应合成的侧链聚硅氧烷液晶弹性体。主要内容包括： 本论文设计合成了4种液晶单体M1~M4，分别为4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸-3’-羟基苯氟酯(M1)、4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸-4’-羟基苯甲氧基酯(M2)、4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸-4’-羟基苯氰酯(M3)、4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸-4’-羟基联苯氰酯(M4)；3种交联单体单体L1~L3，分别为4-双烯丙氧基苯甲酸异山梨醇酯(L1)、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(L2)、4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸对苯二酚酯(L3)；将M1和L1、M2和L2、M3和L3、M4和L3按不同比例分别与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷PMHS聚合，得到四个系列P1~P4的液晶高聚物。除了单体M2、M3、L1、L2之外，所合成的液晶单体、交联单体及液晶弹性体在国内外均未见报道。 采用热台偏光显微镜(POM)和X-射线衍射法(XRD)对所合成的液晶单体、交联单体以及液晶弹性体的液晶相态进行分析；傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱法(1H-NMR)表征其化学结构；示差扫描量热法(DSC)能够测试出液晶相转变温度；热失重分析法(TGA)研究其热性能。本文还讨论了不同配比的液晶单体和交联单体对液晶弹性体液晶性能的影响。结果显示： ⑴ 液晶单体M1、M2为向列相液晶，都呈现出条带织构。液晶单体M3、M4和交联单体L3都是近晶相液晶，液晶单体M3和M4呈现出扇形织构，交联单体L3为焦锥织构。交联单体L1是胆甾相液晶交联单体，表现出小板块织构。弹性体P1~P4系列除P2-6之外都具有液晶性。弹性体P1、P3和P4系列都为近晶相液晶。弹性体P2-1~P2-5表现出向列相条带织构。 ⑵ 热性能上，液晶单体M1~M4和液晶交联单体L1、L3的Td(5wt%)都大于180℃，有良好的热稳定性。将液晶单体与其聚合物比较，聚合物P1-1比M1的Tg低，Ti比单体M1低，液晶区间更宽；聚合物P2-1的Tg比M2的低，Ti比M2的高，液晶区间宽于单体M2；聚合物P3-1的Tg比M3低，Ti小于M3，液晶区间更宽；聚合物P4-1的Tg比M4低，Ti比M4高，液晶区间更宽。综合可知，聚合物的热性能及其热稳定性优于其单体。 ⑶ 分析液晶弹性系列的热性能。随着交联单体含量的增加，液晶弹性体P1、P2及P4系列的Tg逐渐增加，Ti逐渐下降；液晶弹性体P3系列随着交联单体含量的增加，Tg先增加后降低，Ti先增加后降低。液晶弹性体P1~P4系列的Td(5wt%)都在170℃以上，具有良好的热稳定性。可知，少量的交联成分的引入得到较高性能的液晶弹性体，增加交联单体的含量，会使热性能下降。

liquid crystalline elastomer has propertises including order and mobility of liquid crystal and flexibility of elastomer.It is widely concerned because of its excellent performance. In this paper, the backbone of synthesized elastomer is polysiloxane and the side chain is liquid crystal monomers which containing functional groups and the side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane elastomer synthesized by the addition reaction of hydrosilylation. The main contents include: Four kinds of liquid crystal monomer M1~M4 and three kind of cross-linking monomer L1~L3 were designed and synthesized in this paper, which inclouded 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-3’-fluorine-phenol ester(M1), 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-4’-methoxyl-biphenol ester(M2), 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-4’-cyano-phenol ester(M3), 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-4’-cyano- biphenol ester(M4), 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-isosorbide ester(L1), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(L2), 4-allyloxy-benzoic acid-hydroquinone ester(L3). Four series of liquid crystalline elastomers P1~P4 series were obtained by respectively synthesizing M1 and L1, M2 and L2, M3 and L3, M4 and L3 with PMHS according to the different ratio. Except monomer M2, M3, L1, L2, synthesized liquid crystal monomer, cross-linking monomer and liquid crystalline elastomers have not been reported both at home and abroad. The liquid crystal phase of liquid crystal monomer, cross-linking monomer and liquid crystalline elastomer were analysised by polarizing optical microscopy(POM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Their chemical structure were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy(FT-IR) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy(1H-NMR). The phase transition temperature can be tested by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and the thermal performance were investigated by thermogravimetric analyses(TGA). Also the effect of different ratio of liquid crystal monomer and cross-linking monomers on the mesomorphic properties of liquid crystalline elastomers were discussed in this paper. The results show that: ⑴ Liquid crystal monomer M1 and M2 were nematic phase liquid crystal,showing band texture. Liquid crystal monomer M3 and M4 and cross-linking monomer L3 were smectic phase liquid crystal. M3 and M4 exhibited fan-shaped texture and L3 showed focal conic texture. L1 was cholesteric phase cross-linking liquid crystal monomer, representating small plate texture. Except P2-6, all elastomers P1~P4 series have character of Liquid crystal. Elastomers P1, P3 and P4 series were the smectic phase liquid crystal. Elastomers P2-1~P2-5 representated nematic phase band texture. ⑵ In thermal property, Td(5wt%) of liquid crystal monomer M1~M4 and cross-linking monomer L1 and L3 are higher than 180℃, having good thermal stability. Comparing monomer and polymer, Tg and Ti of polymer P1-1 was lower than liquid crystal monomer M1 and liquid crystal range was wider than M1. Compared with M2, polymer P2-1 have lower Tg and higher Ti and wider liquid crystal range. Compared with M3, polymer P3-1 have lower Tg and Ti and wider liquid crystal range. Compared with M4, polymer P4-1 have lower Tg and higher Ti and wider liquid crystal range. Comprehensively, thermal properties and thermal stability of polymer were superior than monomer. ⑶ Thermal performance of liquid crystal elastic series were anylysised. With the increase of cross-linking monomer content, Tg of liquid crystal elastomer P1, P2 and P4 series increased but Ti decreased. With the increase of cross-linking monomer content, Tg of liquid crystal elastomer P3 series firstly increased and then decreased while Ti increased firstly and then decreased. Td(5wt%) of liquid crystal elastomer P1~P4 series was all higher than 170℃ and all had good thermal stability. A small amount of cross-linking component added, liquid crystal elastomers with higher performance would be obtained, increasing the cross-linking monomer composition and making the thermal performance declined.