与缓倾斜煤层综放工作面不同，大倾角长壁综放工作面因沿倾斜方向布置，会出现下端头底三角、上端头顶三角煤不易支护的特殊复杂性。由于这种特殊复杂性的存在，往往造成上端头三角区顶煤易冒落并向上扩展；下端头三角区底板易滑落、造成排头支架失稳，直接造成工作面下部“支架-围岩”稳定性失控甚至波及整个工作面，带来巨大的安全隐患，使得工作面难以正常生产，严重制约综放采煤法在该条件下的使用。故有必要专门研究大倾角厚煤层长壁综放工作面上下端头的支护技术。 大倾角厚煤层长壁综放工作面端头支护的复杂性主要体现在以下几个方面： 1．大倾角厚煤层长壁综放工作面与上下平巷的交接处的顶煤层理方向结构因受巷道水平顶面切割而易沿层面滑落，向上扩展造成冒顶。特别是，平巷的矿山压力和工作面矿山压力在上下端头处叠加，使得端头处矿压显现及其控制变得极为复杂。 2．由于工作面倾角较大，顶煤的垮落表现出在向采空区垮落的同时，还向倾斜方向翻转。在工作面端头，还要受到被压裂或压酥的区段煤柱的影响，支护将更加复杂、更加困难。 3．上端头的三角区顶煤，传统采用单体支柱配合长钢梁支护，容易失稳造成局部冒顶，冒落的煤块沿工作面滑滚，易造成人员伤亡和设备损坏，是回采工作面顶板事故的多发地点；采用单体支柱配合长钢梁支护，支护强度低，空间狭窄，不利于人员通行、设备运输和工作面通风；由于顶煤冒落后形成较大空洞，容易造成瓦斯集聚和煤层自然发火，对工作面安全生产造成极大威胁。 4．工作面下端头存在易滑落的底板三角区。其一旦破坏，就会向下滑移，同时破坏滑移区向上蔓延，加剧了工作面支架下滑和倾倒，有可能造成冒顶事故；下端头设备多，加之浮煤、积水的影响，导致下端头作业环境变差、劳动强度更大。 端头既是安全事故频发区，又是现场管理的薄弱环节，常常要耗费大量的人力、物力和财力，所以说端头支护是采煤工作面生产极为重要的环节。因此，研究大倾角厚煤层长壁综放工作面上下端头支护技术，对于提高采煤工作面的产量和效益，改善端头区的作业环境和安全状况，无疑具有极大的现实意义。本文基于大倾角厚煤层长壁综放工作面上下端头支护的特殊性和复杂性的分析研究，采用相似材料模拟实验、有限元数值计算和现场矿压观测等方法，对大倾角厚煤层综放工作面上下端头支护技术进行了较为系统的研究。工程实例表明，所研究的端头支护技术使用效果良好，但也存在着一些问题。针对这些问题，提出了解决方案，已在支架改进设计和端头支护技术完善过程中被采用。

Different from the delaying slope coal seam, there is difficultly supporting particular complexity in the T-junctions of the fully mechanized top coal caving longwall face in pitched thick seams because of existence of triangle top coal in tail T-junction and triangle floor in head T-junction. Due to existence of that complexity, the tail triangle top coal easily falls and also grows up to high,and the head triangle floor easily slips ,therefor supports fail,which making lost control of “supporting-surrounding”,and it also brings great danger to the whole face and limits the application of that mining method.So it is essential to study on supporting technology of T-junction of the fully mechanized top coal caving longwall face in pitched thick seams. The supporting complexities of T-junction of the fully mechanized mining and top coal caving longwall face in pitched thick seams are mainly as follow: 1. Roof falls are likely to occur at the joints of the longwall face as above and paralled panels because of the horizontal bedding of the coal seam.Especially, the strata pressures are very high due to the pressure interection in areas of the T-junction and the coal mining face, the present of ground pressure and its control turn to complex. 2.As angle of the face greater,the top coal turns around along slop when it falls down to the gob.In the T-junction,supporting turns more difficult due to forming crack of coal piller by ground pressure. 3. The tail triangle top coal offen easily falls if support by sigle prop with a long gird bar, and then the top coal slips down ,which may hurt workers and damage the machines.At the same time,the stength of supporting lowere,and the supporting spaces smaller,it is hard for equipment-haulage,man-traffication and ventilation.Also it is easy for the gas to mass and to fire,which greatly dangers the production. 4. There is the easily sloping triangle floor area in the head T-junction. If it were damaged,then it would slipe,meanwhile the damaging and sloping area grows up, so it makes supports heavily slipping and dumping,and roof-caving accident may happen.And in this area, there are machines,in addition ,float coal and water that makes the working environment turns bad and the work turns hard. The T-junctions are the fieled of accident often occurring and managing gweak in practice, frequently aboundent of man-force,money and resourse are consumed there.therefor, the T-junction supporting is a important joint of the face production. The study on T-junction of supporting technology of the full mechanized top coal caving longwall in the pitch and thick coal seams can improve the production and the benefit,also can amend the working environment.The this is based on the particularity and the complexity of the T-junction supporting of longwall minging in pitch and thick coal seams,and it is a styemic study on the subject through physical simulating experement, numerical modeling and ground pressure behaviours by practice.The enginering case shows that the T-junction supporting technology studied works well,but there also exist problems.The programs solving to them have been discussed in the thesis.And the programs have been made use of in the period of reforming support design and improving T-junction supporting technology.