随着我国经济快速迅猛的发展，大量基础工程设施修建的同时也推动着硬质岩石破碎技术的发展更新。其中，微波辅助机械破岩技术被认为是潜在可行的破岩方法。微波照射使得岩石产生一定的预损伤，从而达到削弱岩石强度的目的，提高大型掘进设备刀头的寿命，减少刀头频繁卡机的次数进而保证工程顺利的开展。然而，微波加热使得岩石产生损伤的程度受诸多因素的影响，其中冷却方式是微波照射后岩石强度劣化的重要影响因素之一。基于此，为探究不同冷却方式对微波照射后岩石强度损伤规律，选取河北平山花岗岩为研究对象，试件纵波波速、表面温度等为基本物理力学参量，以动态抗压强度和静态抗压强度为力学强度指标，进而来研究冷却方式对微波照射后岩石力学特性和强度损伤的影响规律。主要研究结论如下：

（1）当微波照射时间恒定时，微波功率的增大显著提高了试件的表面温度，且升温速率随着微波加热功率的提高呈现出先慢后快的趋势。而在两种冷却方式的条件下，花岗岩表面温度都经历了快速降温、缓慢下降及温度恒定三个阶段，且浸水冷却下花岗岩的降温速率明显大于自然冷却，即花岗岩试件表面温度趋于稳定先于自然冷却。

（2）不同冷却方式下基于各个静载力学参数下的损伤因子都随着微波功率的提升而呈现出递增趋势，然而以峰值应力为基础的损伤因子能够较为完好的表述冷却方式对微波照射后岩石的强度折减程度的影响，以纵波波速为基础的损伤因子在某种程度上所表述的冷却方式对微波辐射后岩石强度折减的影响程度与实际相差很大。

（3）花岗岩经历微波照射后，两种冷却方式下岩石的静态峰值应力和弹性模量均随着微波功率的升高而降低。且在浸水冷却过程中，由于水冷却在较高微波功率加热下能够表现出较强的冷淬作用，因此使得浸水冷却后花岗岩的峰值应变明显小于自然冷却，致使浸水冷却后峰值应变表现出与自然冷却截然不同的规律。

（4）两种冷却方式下花岗岩试件的动态抗压强度和弹性模量均随着微波功率的增大而减小，而冷却后的花岗岩试件动态峰值应变随着微波功率的增大而显著降低。与自然冷却后岩石动态力学参数相比，浸水冷却条件下岩石的动态冲击压缩强度和应变均低于室温冷却，而动态弹性模量却表现出大于室温冷却下动态弹性模量的趋势。

（5）同等功率水平下，花岗岩动态峰值应力和峰值应变均随着应变率的增大而增大，表现出明显的应变率效应；而随着微波功率的增大，微波照射后花岗岩动态峰值应力对应变率的敏感性越不明显。当微波功率一定时，应变率随着冲击气压的增大而增大，但微波照射后花岗岩的动态弹性模量与应变率之间并无明显的相关性。

（6）结合微波能量利用率分析结果，可以发现4.0kW微波功率加热时能效最好。同时，4.0kW微波功率加热下经由浸水冷却后的花岗岩强度值几近对等于5.3kW微波功率加热下经由自然冷却后的花岗岩强度值，即在实际工程实践中，在确保施工进度以及人员安全的大前提下，较低微波功率下的“微波加热+急剧浸水冷却”这种组合方式不仅可以达到高微波功率加热下经由自然冷却后岩石强度劣化的效果，还能减少能源的消耗，缩短微波照后岩石冷却的时间，同时在破碎过程中能够减少岩石小块的出现。

本文主要研究了冷却方式对微波照射后岩石力学特性的作用机制，对比分析了不同冷却方式对微波照射后岩石强度劣化的影响程度，明晰了不同冷却方式下岩石动态力学特性与微波功率、应变率之间的变化关系。基于此，为微波辅助机械破岩技术运用于实际开挖所产生高温环境的处理提供了借鉴意义。

With the rapid development of China's economy, the construction of a large number of infrastructure also promotes the development and renewal of hard rock crushing technology. Among them, microwave assisted mechanical rock fragmentation technology is considered as a potential and feasible rock fragmentation method. Microwave irradiation makes the rock produce certain pre-damage, so as to achieve the purpose of weakening the rock strength, improve the life of the tool head of large tunneling equipment, reduce the number of tool head frequent stuck machine and ensure the smooth development of the project. However, the degree of rock damage caused by microwave heating is affected by many factors, among which the cooling mode is one of the important factors affecting the strength deterioration of rock after microwave irradiation. Based on this, to explore different cooling methods on rock strength after microwave irradiation damage law, hebei hirayama granite as the research object, selected specimens of compressional wave velocity, surface temperature of the basic physical and mechanical parameters, such as to the dynamic compressive strength and the static compressive strength for mechanical strength index, and then to study the cooling way after the microwave irradiation rock mechanics characteristics and the influence law of strength damage. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) When the microwave irradiation time was constant, the increase of microwave power significantly increased the surface temperature of the specimen, and the heating rate showed a trend of first slow and then fast with the increase of microwave heating power. Under the conditions of two cooling methods, the surface temperature of granite underwent three stages of rapid cooling, slow decline and constant temperature, and the cooling rate of granite under soaking cooling was significantly higher than that of natural cooling, that is, the surface temperature of granite specimens tended to be stable before that of natural cooling.

(2) Damage factors under different cooling methods based on various static load parameters show an increasing trend with the increase of microwave power, while damage factors based on peak stress can better describe the influence of cooling methods on the strength reduction degree of rock after microwave irradiation. The influence degree of the cooling mode expressed by the damage factor based on the velocity of p-wave on the strength reduction of rock after microwave radiation is quite different from the reality.

(3) After microwave irradiation, the static peak stress and elastic modulus of granite under the two cooling modes decrease with the increase of microwave power. In the process of soaking cooling, the peak strain of granite after soaking cooling is obviously smaller than that of natural cooling, because water cooling can show strong cold quenching effect under high microwave power heating. As a result, the peak strain after soaking cooling shows a completely different law from natural cooling.

(4) The dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus of granite specimens under the two cooling methods decrease with the increase of microwave power, while the dynamic peak strain of granite specimens after cooling decreases significantly with the increase of microwave power. Compared with the dynamic mechanical parameters of rock after natural cooling, the dynamic impact compression strength and strain of rock under soaking cooling are lower than those under room temperature cooling, while the dynamic elastic modulus of rock shows a trend of being larger than that under room temperature cooling.

(5) At the same power level, the dynamic peak stress and peak strain of granite increase with the increase of strain rate, showing an obvious strain rate effect. With the increase of microwave power, the sensitivity of dynamic peak stress of granite to strain rate becomes less obvious. When the microwave power is constant, the strain rate increases with the increase of the impact pressure, but there is no obvious correlation between the dynamic elastic modulus of the granite and the strain rate after microwave irradiation.

(6) Combined with the analysis results of microwave energy utilization rate, it can be found that the energy efficiency is the best when the microwave power is 4.0kW. At the same time, the strength value of granite cooled by immersion under 4.0kW microwave power heating is almost equal to that of granite cooled by natural cooling under 5.3kW microwave power heating. That is, in practical engineering practice, under the premise of ensuring construction progress and personnel safety, "Microwave heating under low microwave power + immersion cooling sharply" this combination can not only achieve high microwave power by natural cooling after heated by the effect of rock strength degradation, also can reduce energy consumption, shortening the time of microwave according to rock after cooling, at the same time in the crushing process can reduce the occurrence of rock bits.

This paper mainly studied the effect mechanism of cooling methods on the mechanical properties of rock after microwave irradiation, compared and analyzed the influence degree of different cooling methods on the strength deterioration of rock after microwave irradiation, and clarified the relationship between the dynamic mechanical properties of rock under different cooling methods and microwave power and strain rate. Based on this, it provides a reference for the application of microwave assisted mechanical rock breaking technology to the treatment of high temperature environment caused by actual excavation.

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