本文以鄂尔多斯盆地南缘煤炭地质勘探、煤矿生产揭露以及相关专题研究的地质、瓦斯地质资料为基础，运用板块构造理论、构造地质学理论、瓦斯赋存的构造逐级控制理论、构造控气理论和瓦斯地质综合理论，分析了其地质构造的发育特征和瓦斯的赋存与分布特征，总结了瓦斯地质变化的基本规律，探讨了不同尺度、不同级别地质构造的演化和发育特征对瓦斯赋存与分布的影响，揭示了地质构造对瓦斯的逐级控制作用。从而获得了以下新认识：（1）基于研究区构造格局及其演化的研究，揭示自石炭二叠纪煤系形成以来，研究区至少经历了印支期、燕山期和喜山期三期构造应力-应变作用，形成了研究区目前复杂多样但规律明显的基本地质构造格局；（2）研究区瓦斯分布受区域构造所控制，煤层浅埋区、聚煤古隆起区、背斜区、张性断裂密集区煤层瓦斯含量和矿井瓦斯涌出量较低；煤层深埋区、构造单元接合区、聚煤古凹陷区和向斜区煤层瓦斯含量和矿井瓦斯涌出量较高；（3）研究区构造演化对煤与瓦斯赋存的影响可分为两个阶段：晚古生代～中生代挤压构造体制作用时期，煤与瓦斯的形成阶段；新生代伸展构造体制作用时期，煤与瓦斯的保存阶段；（4）地质构造的逐级控制特点明显，研究区内煤田分布和主体构造受区域构造所控制并控制着矿区和矿井地质构造的发育特征和展布方向，也控制着区内煤层和瓦斯的赋存范围与分布状况。（5）不同构造类型对瓦斯的控制作用不同。构造单元复合部位、向斜轴部、逆断层下盘、小型断层附近多形成高瓦斯区，而背斜轴部、大型正断层密集区、逆断层上盘多形成低瓦斯区；

This article based on the data which collected of geological exploration and gas materials from production and related topics of the southern margin of the Ordos basin,application the theory of plate tectonics and structural geology, structural geology gradual control of gas occurrence,theory of gas and geology,analyzing the development characteristics of geological structure and the occurrence and distribution features of gas,summarizes the basic law of gas geology,meanwhile,discussed on the different scales and different levels of evolution and development characteristics of geological structure effects the storage and distribution of gas，Revealed the geological structure on gradual control of gas It is concluded that (1)Based on the research of tectonic framework and revolution in the study area,conclusions are drawn that since the formation of coal seam in Carboniferous-Permian,The study area has experienced at least three stages of tectonic stress field (Indosinian period,Yanshan period and Himalayan period),forming the complex geologic structure pattern nowadays; (2)Regional tectonic controlled the study area of gas distribution.In shallow seam area, paleo-uplift of Coal accumulation area,Anticline area and Extensional faults of Concentrated area,coal seam methane content and mine gas pour amount were lower;In deep seam area ,Combine parts of Structure,Ancient sunken area of Coal accumulation and Syncline area,coal seam methane content and mine gas pour amount were higher; (3)Tectonic evolution of the study area on the occurrence of coal and gas can be divided into two phases:During the period of extrusion tectonic regime in the late Paleozoic~Mesozoic,were the formative stage of the coal and gas;during the period of extensional tectonic regime in Cenozoic,saving stage of coal and gas; (4)It was apparent that Progressively control feature of geological,Coal distribution and the main tectonic region structures in the study area controlled the development characteristics and distribution direction of Mines and mining geological structure,also controlled the extent of occurrence and distribution of coal-bed methane and gas; (5)Different constructed types controlled the different gas;Tectonic units in composite parts,Synclinal axis,Lower plate of reverse fault,Near the small faults always form high gas area;Anticline axis,Large normal fault intensive zone,the plate of reverse faul always form low gas area;