褐煤在我国的一次能源经济中占据重要地位，主要作为发电厂燃料、化工原料、催化剂载体等被使用。由于化学反应性强，在空气中容易风化，存在不易储存和远运的特点。因此极易引起煤自燃火灾、爆炸等事故，造成严重的事故后果。近年来，抑制煤氧化自燃已成为众多学者研究的热点。其中离子液体化学阻化剂得到了广泛的讨论及发展。 本论文选取变质程度低的神华国能哈密煤电有限公司大南湖矿的褐煤和9种性能较好、成本较低的离子液体作为研究对象。研究以下三个部分：（1）通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试得出离子液体能溶解矿物质，使微晶结构更加稳定，延展度（La）发生较大变化，层间距（dm）的变化不明显，有效堆砌芳香片数（Mc）降低，堆砌高度（Lc）明显减小，煤化度（P）降低，颗粒表面的角度变得迟钝，表面更加光滑，煤质结构疏松，说明离子液体对煤物理化学特性结构造成破坏。（2）通过红外光谱（FTIR）测试，对官能团进行归属，运用比例含量法定性定量比较离子液体对四种官能团的破坏情况，发现离子液体能减少煤表面分子中官能团的含量，但不能减少其官能团种类，对羟基、脂肪烃、含氧官能团的破坏程度起最强作用的分别为：6#[BMIM][NTf2]、5#[BMIM][AcO]、6#[BMIM][NTf2]，破坏程度最低的分别为：2#[BMIM][NO3]、6#[BMIM][NTf2]、7#[EMIM][NTf2]，离子液体对煤芳香烃基本不起破坏作用，主要是对侧链造成破坏。并且对官能团的破坏程度与离子液体所含的阴阳离子种类、链长度密切相关。（3）通过TG-DSC-FTIR联用系统测试，基于多升温速率，运用普适微分与积分相结合及Ozawa法确定煤样在低温氧化阶段的表观活化能。以及最概然动力学机理函数通过Bagchi法确定，结果表明：煤样在低温氧化过程中的物理吸附量增加，离子液体能有效抑制煤样在水分蒸发及脱附失重阶段的反应，而在燃烧阶段所起作用不明显，且对特征温度也相应地造成了影响，在氧化过程中释放CO2、CO的起始温度以及结束温度相应的延迟，运用两种动力学方法表征得出在不同阶段表观活化能(Ea)相应的增加，稳定性提高，最概然机理函数也发生变化。 因此可以发现离子液体能对褐煤物理化学特性、官能团等微观结构造成破坏，表现为氧化动力学性质发生变化，稳定性也相应的提高，最终离子液体有效地抑制了褐煤的氧化活性。并且离子液体含有的阴阳离子的差异性对煤微观结构、氧化特性也起着显著影响。

Lignite plays an important role in China’s energy economy and is mainly used as a fuel for power plants, chemical raw materials, and catalyst carriers, et. al. However, it has many characteristics, such as strong chemical reactivity, easy weathering in the air, hardly to store and transport. It not only causes coal spontaneous combustion, fire and explosion, but also causes serious accident consequences. In recent years, the hot topic of suppression of coal spontaneous combustion has been studied by many scholars. Among them, ionic liquid (ILs) chemical inhibitors have been widely discussed and developed. In this paper, 9 common ILs and lignite from Da Nanhu mine in Shenhua Guoneng Hami Coal & Electricity Limited Company at Xinjiang Province were studyed as study object. The following three parts were studied: (1) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests showed that ILs can dissolve minerals, the crystallite structure is more stable, the degree of extension (La) has undergone major changes, and the interlayer spacing (dm) does not change significantly. The number of aromatic tablets (Mc) decreased, the stacking height (Lc) decreased significantly, the degree of coalification (P) decreased, the angle of the particle surface became dull, the surface of the coal particles became smoother, and the coal structure was loose, indicating that the ILs caused damage to the physical and chemical characteristics of the coal. (2) Conducting the infrared spectrum (FTIR) test, the functional groups were attributed. The proportional content method was used to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the destruction of four functional groups by ILs. The results show that the ILs can destroy the content of functional groups in the surface molecules of coal, but it hardly solve and destroy the species of functional groups. The order of destruction of the hydroxyl, aliphatic hydrocarbon, and oxygen-containing functional groups was the strongest: 6#[BMIM][NTf2], 5#[BMIM][AcO], 6#[BMIM][NTf2]. The lowest levels of damage are: 2#[BMIM][NO3], 6#[BMIM][NTf2], 7#[EMIM][NTf2]. The degree of destruction is closely related to the type of anion or cation contained and the chain length in the ILs. (3) Employing the TG-DSC-FTIR system test, based on multiple heating rates, selecting the combination of universal differential and integral, Ozawa method to determine the apparent activation energy (Ea) of the coal sample at the low temperature oxidation stage, and the most optimum kinetic mechanism function were determined by Bagchi method. The results show that the physical adsorption of coal samples increases during the low temperature oxidation process. The ILs can effectively inhibit the reaction of coal samples in water evaporation and desorption weightlessness process, but it does not play a significant role in the combustion stage. The characteristic temperature also has a corresponding effect. The starting temperature and the ending temperature of CO2 and CO are delayed during the release process. Appropriate increase in apparent activation energy (Ea) is obtained by selecting the two methods at different stages, the stability is improved, and the optimum kinetic mechanism functions are also changed. Summarizing the aboves, it can be concluded that the ILs can cause damage to the physical and chemical properties, functional groups and other micro-structures of lignite, and the oxidation kinetics also changes, and the stability also increases accordingly. The oxidation activity of lignite is inhibited by ILs. Moreover, the variability of cation and anion in ILs has a significant effect on the micro-structure and oxidation characteristics of coal.