黄土高原地区自古以来便是我国著名的生态脆弱区和人类从事农业活动的主要场所之一。自退耕还林等一系列生态修复工程实施以来，黄土高原地区生态环境得到改善，农业生产水平也有了很大提升，但仍存在农业产业结构不合理的情况。因此，本文利用能值方法和中国水土流失方程（CSLE）对黄土高原地区的特色农业生产系统进行可持续性评价，基于此，通过耦合协调度模型分析各项农产品的生态-经济效益协调区，为研究区农业产业结构的调整和可持续发展提供理论依据。得到结果如下：

（1）2000年以前黄土高原土地利用类型以耕地和草地为主，植被覆盖度低，极易造成水土流失。随着1999年一系列生态修复工程实施以来，大面积耕地转变为林草地，提高了该区植被覆盖度，从而有效的改善了水土流失状况，降低了土壤侵蚀强度。该区土壤侵蚀模数由1995年的2593 t/(km²·a)减少为2018年的1069 t/(km²·a)，减少了58.8%，土壤侵蚀强度由中度变为轻度，改善明显。

（2）1995-2018年，黄土高原种植业产出占比由64.9 %减至44.3%，养殖业由26.0% 增至39.6%，苹果由9.0%增至16.1%，表明随着生态修复的进行，耕地转化为林草地，种植业规模减小，同时，随着生活水平的提高，人们对肉、蛋、奶等畜产品的需求日益增长，养殖业规模显著增加。

（3）1995-2018年该区养殖业和苹果业的能值投资率值逐年增加，2018年分别达到最大值1.952和1.219，这是由于环境负载率的增长程度（养殖业56.6%、苹果业9.5%）小于净能值产出率的增长程度（养殖业146.6%、苹果业230.7%），系统能值可持续性指数呈现增长趋势，养殖业系统的可持续性和发展潜力略强于种植业和苹果业。随着多年生态修复，水土流失状况略有改善，农业生态系统的可持续性也呈现好转的趋势。但是，该区农业生态目前虽处于可持续状态，但其可持续性仍旧较低。因此，研究区应当合理调整能源投入结构，因地制宜发展农业产业，同时注意发展与保护并重，提高系统的可持续性。

（4）1995-2018年各产业的经济-生态效益协调性表现如下：小麦、玉米和奶类均基本协调，猪肉和牛肉由中度失调改善为基本协调，蔬菜由中度协调下降为基本协调，羊肉由基本协调下降为中度失调，油料和苹果均为中度失调，2018年各市各产业协调度均值分别为0.452、0.508、0.545、0.539、0.467、0.532、0.317、0.287和0.395。

（5）基于能值视角，通过耦合协调性模型，得到研究区各项产业相对比较适合发展的地区如下：1)小麦：临汾、运城、宝鸡、咸阳、渭南等；2)玉米：忻州、鄂尔多斯、巴彦淖尔等；3)蔬菜：咸阳、运城、固原等；4)油料：巴彦淖尔、鄂尔多斯、呼和浩特等；5)猪肉：运城、临汾、晋城、长治、晋中等；6)牛肉：固原、平凉、鄂尔多斯、晋中等；7)羊肉：鄂尔多斯、巴彦淖尔、包头、延安、榆林等；8)奶类：呼和浩特、鄂尔多斯、巴彦淖尔、包头等；9)苹果：临汾、运城、咸阳、平凉、延安等。

The Loess Plateau is a famous ecological fragile area and the main places for human agricultural activities since ancient times. The ecological environment and the level of the agricultural production in the Loess Plateau have been improved through the implementation of a series of ecological restoration such as returning farmland to forests, but the agricultural structure in the Loess Plateau is still unreasonable.In this paper, the sustainability of characteristic agricultural production system in the Loess Plateau were analyzed by the emergy method and China soil erosion equation (CSLE), based on this, the ecological-economic benefit coordination area of various agricultural products is analyzed through the coupling coordination degree model. The objective is to provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment and sustainable development of agricultural industry structure in the Loess Plateau. The results show that:

(1) The land use types of the Loess Plateau in 1995 and 2000 were mainly sloping farmland and grassland. The vegetation coverage was low, which easily caused soil erosion and soil erosion. Since the implementation of a series of ecological restoration in 1999, a large area of arable land has been transformed into forests and grasslands, which has increased the vegetation coverage of the Loess Plateau, thereby effectively improving soil erosion and reducing the intensity of soil erosion. The soil erosion modulus in the Loess Plateau area decreased from 2,593 t/(km²·a) in 1995 to 1,069 t/(km²·a) in 2018, a decrease of 58.8%, and the intensity of soil erosion changed from moderate erosion to that slight erosion. The soil erosion has been significantly improved.

(2) The proportion of production in the Loess Plateau decreased from 64.9% to 44.3%, breeding increased from 26.0% to 39.6%, and apple increased from 9.0% to 16.1% from 1995 to 2018, which indicating that as ecological restoration proceeds, cultivated land has been transformed for forest and grassland, the scale of planting has decreased. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, people's demand for meat, eggs, milk and other products is increasing, and the scale of breeding industry has increased significantly.

(3) From 1995 to 2018, the ESI values of the aquaculture and apple industries in the area increased year by year, reaching the maximum values of 1.952 and 1.219 respectively in 2018. This is because the growth of ELR (56.6% of the aquaculture and 9.5% of the apple industry) is less than that of EYR. (146.6% in the aquaculture industry and 230.7% in the apple industry), the system ESI shows an increasing trend, the sustainability and development potential of the aquaculture system in the Loess Plateau is better than Planting industry and apple industry. With the ecological restoration, the soil erosion situation has slightly improved, and the sustainability of the agricultural ecosystem is also showing a trend of improvement. However, although the agricultural ecology of this area is currently in a slightly sustainable state, its sustainability is still low. Therefore, the research area should rationally adjust the energy input structure, develop the agricultural industry according to local conditions, and pay equal attention to development and protection, to improve the sustainability of the system.

(4) The economic-ecological benefit coordination performance of each industry from 1995 to 2018 is as follows: wheat, corn, and milk are basically coordinated, pork and beef improved from moderate imbalance to basic Coordination, vegetables decreased from moderate coordination to basic coordination, mutton decreased from basic coordination to moderate imbalance, oilseeds and apples are moderately imbalanced. In 2018, the average coordination degree of each city was 0.452, 0.508, 0.545, 0.539, 0.467, 0.532, 0.317, 0.287 and 0.395, respectively.

(5) Based on the emergy perspective, through the coupling and coordination model, the regions that are relatively suitable for the development of various industries in the study area are as follows: 1) Wheat: Linfen, Yuncheng, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, etc. 2) Corn: Xinzhou, Ordos, Bayannaoer, etc. 3) Vegetables: Xianyang, Yuncheng, Guyuan, etc. 4) Oil: Bayannaoer, Ordos, Hohhot, etc. 5) Pork: Yuncheng, Linfen, Jincheng, Changzhi, Jinzhong, etc. 6) Beef: Guyuan, Pingliang, Ordos, Jinzhong, etc. 7) Lamb: Ordos, Bayannaoer, Baotou, Yan'an, Yulin, etc. 8) Milk: Hohhot, Ordos, Bayannaoer, Baotou, etc. 9) Apple: Linfen, Yuncheng, Xianyang, Pingliang, Yan'an, etc.

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