精细化的断层滑动分布模型为研究断层活动状态、认识地震发震机制等提供重要基础，对于地震灾后评估、未来地震趋势判定以及防震减灾等工作具有重要的指导意义。2013年4月20日8时，中国四川芦山爆发Ms7.0地震，造成了重大的生命财产损失。本次地震与汶川Ms8.0地震成因类似，是青藏高原向东扩过程中，受到四川盆地支撑阻挡，两大块体相互挤压、碰撞形成的一次破坏型地震。与汶川地震不同的是，此次芦山地震属于盲逆断层型地震，发震断层结构复杂，而对发震断层几何结构过于简化，会对同震滑动分布反演结果的可靠性以及对破裂过程的解释产生较大影响。三角形位错在构建复杂断层时可以有效避免位错元之间的间隙和重叠现象，适合曲面断层的构建。本文使用震区内33个GPS连续站与22个水准点同震形变观测结果以及2013年4月-2014年5月总共1993个余震精定位结果来研究芦山地震断层几何结构和同震滑动分布。本文主要的研究工作及结论如下：

(1)基于GPS数据利用贝叶斯方法反演了芦山地震单一平面断层几何参数，反演结果显示芦山地震发震断层走向为207.56°，倾角为43.22°。通过结合余震精定位结果，在单一平面断层的基础上构建了断层倾角随深度增加而逐渐减小的曲面断层结构，其倾角从地表的63.9°高倾角连续变化到底部的15.8°低倾角，体现出其上陡下缓的特征。

(2)在曲面断层几何模型的基础上，利用赫尔默特方差分量估计法联合GPS和水准数据基于三角位错模型反演同震滑动分布，反演结果显示芦山Ms7.0地震以明显的逆冲运动为主，只存在一个破裂峰值区，没有明显的破裂方向性。断层破裂面在近地表处无明显滑动，最大滑动量为0.98m，位于深度13.5km附近。释放的能量为1.05 10¹⁹ Nm，对应的矩震级为 。GPS和水准数据拟合残差分别为2.8mm和7.6mm，与平面矩形位错反演结果相比，拟合残差分别减少了1.3mm和1.9mm。

(3)研究了不同断层几何结构以及位错模型对本次地震同震滑动分布的影响。基于矩形位错模型，在平面断层结构条件下，反演的最大滑动量为0.68m，GPS和水准数据拟合残差分别为4.1mm和9.5mm；在曲面断层结构条件下，反演的最大滑动量为0.74m，GPS和水准数据拟合残差分别为3.3mm和7.8mm。基于三角位错模型，在平面断层结构条件下，反演的最大滑动量为0.97m（规则三角形）和0.91m（不规则三角形），GPS和水准数据拟合残差为3.1mm和8.8mm（规则三角形）、3.2mm和9.0mm（不规则三角形）。反演结果均表明，无论是平面断层还是曲面断层，基于三角位错模型反演的最大滑动量均大于基于矩形位错模型反演的最大滑动量，且三角位错模型拟合结果更好，表明本文采用三角位错元构建的曲面断层模型不仅能更接近真实的断层产状，而且能更好的解释地表观测位移。

The refined fault slip distribution model provides an important basis for exploring the causes of earthquakes and studying the rupture mechanism, and is an important guide for earthquake emergency rescue, regional earthquake trend prediction, and earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation work. April 20, 2013 at 8:00, the Ms7.0 earthquake erupted in Lushan, Sichuan, China, causing significant loss of life and property. This earthquake is similar to the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in that it is a destructive earthquake formed by the extrusion and collision of two major blocks during the eastward movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau due to the support and blockage of the Sichuan Basin. Unlike the Wenchuan earthquake, the Lushan earthquake is a blind reverse-fault type earthquake with a complex fault structure, and oversimplification of the geometric structure of the fault will have a greater impact on the reliability of the inversion results of the coseismic slip distribution and on the interpretation of the rupture process. In this paper, the geometric structure and coseismic slip distribution of the Lushan earthquake fault are studied using the results of 33 continuous GPS stations and 22 leveling points in the earthquake area with the observation of coseismic deformation and a total of 1993 aftershocks from April 2013 to May 2014. The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:

      (1) The geometric parameters of the single plane fault of the Lushan earthquake were inversed using Bayesian method based on GPS data, and the results of the inversion showed that the seismogenic fault of the Lushan earthquake had a strike of 207.56° and an inclination of 43.22°. By combining the results of aftershock precise localization, a curved fault structure was constructed on the basis of the single plane fault, in which the dip angle of the fault gradually decreases with depth, and its dip angle changes continuously from 63.9° high dip angle at the surface to 15.8° low dip angle at the bottom, reflecting its characteristics of steep at the top and slow at the bottom.

(2) Based on the geometric model of the curved fault, the inversion of the coseismic sliding distribution based on the triangular dislocation model using the Helmut variance component estimation method combined with GPS and level data shows that the Ms7.0 earthquake in Lushan is dominated by an obvious reverse motion, with only one rupture peak area and no obvious rupture directionality. The fault rupture surface has no obvious slip near the surface, and the maximum slip is 0.98m, located near the depth of 13.5km. The released energy is 1.05×10¹⁹ Nm, and the corresponding moment magnitude is M_w6.63. The fitted residuals of GPS and leveling data are 2.8mm and 7.9mm, respectively, which are reduced by 1.3mm and 1.6mm compared with the planar rectangular dislocation.

(3) The effects of different fault geometries and dislocation models on the coseismic slip distribution of this earthquake are investigated. Based on the rectangular dislocation model, the maximum slip in the inversion is 0.68m under the planar fault structure, and the residuals of GPS and level data fitting are 4.1mm and 9.5mm, respectively; under the curved fault structure, the maximum slip in the inversion is 0.91m, and the residuals of GPS and level data fitting are 3.2mm and 9.0mm, respectively. Based on the triangular dislocation model, the maximum slip of the inversion is 0.97m (regular triangle) and 0.91m (irregular triangle) under the condition of planar fault structure, and the residuals of GPS and leveling data fitting are 3.1mm and 8.8mm (regular triangle), 3.2mm and 9.0mm (irregular triangle). The inversion results show that the maximum slip based on the triangular dislocation model is larger than that based on the rectangular dislocation model for both planar and curved faults, and the triangular dislocation model fits better, which indicates that the curved fault model constructed by using triangular dislocation elements is not only closer to the real fault production, but also can better explain the surface observed displacement.

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