木结构古建筑的消防安全保护历来得到国家和社会各界的重视，但由于木结构古建筑本身具有的木质老化、木构造设计多样、空间布局复杂等特点，难以对木结构古建筑着火及火灾蔓延进行早期预测和精准预警。近几年，发生了多起木结构古建筑火灾事故，造成重大文物损失和社会影响。为此，本文根据木结构古建筑干湿老化损伤的特点，针对老化木质材料可燃物的燃烧及火蔓延行为等关键科学问题，采用木材干湿老化、燃烧实验和理论分析相结合的方法，开展干湿老化木材的燃烧及火蔓延行为研究，掌握老化木材的燃烧和蔓延特征，为木结构古建筑的火灾的精准防控及救援提供数据参考和理论支撑，具有一定科学价值和实际意义。取得主要创新性成果如下：
（1）根据木材受到长久老化残损的特点，确定了人工加速干湿交替老化方法，以古建筑常见木材种类为研究对象，获得不同干湿老化程度木材；通过实验测试分析了人工加速干湿老化木材基础物理特征。研究表明，受干湿交替老化过程中细胞壁发生塑性变形的影响，木材局部结构出现不同程度塌陷，表面撕裂程度增大，微小裂隙增多；由于吸着和解吸循环过程中木材细胞壁受到弹性应力和机械吸附蠕变应力的共同影响，造成木材的孔隙变形随老化程度变化呈现出周期性和阻尼性，从而导致木材的热物性参数随老化程度加深均表现为正弦阻尼特征。
（2）通过热分析方法，研究了不同木材在干湿老化前后热流演化过程，掌握了干湿老化前后其热释放的阶段迁移规律。阐释了木材燃烧热释放过程随干湿老化程度演化特征；基于热流对干湿老化木材热释放过程的动力学特性进行了分析，揭示了干湿交替老化过程对木材热反应进程影响机制。研究表明，干湿交替老化对木材燃烧过程影响的主要热释放阶段为挥发分析出阶段；由于老化交替过程造成孔隙蠕变塑性变形引起其热运输能力增强，导致木材燃烧热释放过程中挥发分析出阶段所需温度范围大幅减少，挥发分燃烧阶段热释放强度增强，炭燃烧阶段缩短。通过表观活化能分析表明，干湿交替老化对木材不同放热阶段反应能量需求的影响存在干湿老化程度阶段性；在加速放热阶段，初期干湿交替老化过程（10次-30次）导致木材表观活化能与新木整体发生相反的变化趋势；干湿交替老化对快速放热阶段末期发生氧化反应能量需求的影响随着老化程度的加深逐渐减小。
（3）采用锥形量热仪，结合干湿老化作用下木材的释热特性，开展了木材的燃烧特性研究，分析了干湿老化及厚度作用下点燃时间、质量损失、热释放、烟气产率等关键燃烧参数变化规律，揭示了干湿老化和厚度耦合条件下木材燃烧过程演化规律。结果表明，随着干湿老化程度的加深，木材燃烧过程中维持原有尺寸和形状的性能则逐渐减弱。持续的干湿交替循环导致木材表面燃烧过程中质量损失峰和放热峰强度增大；干湿老化后木材中心炭燃烧阶段的质量损失峰和放热峰出现时间随着干湿老化程度的加深而逐渐提前，但质量损失峰和放热峰强度降低。木材厚度越大，表面挥发物析出峰强度变化稳定的初期干湿交替老化过程持续越深，受干湿老化作用的影响越小；相同老化程度下，受到中心挥发物运移和传热过程的影响，干湿老化的影响程度和厚度呈负相关；当老化木材的厚度小于热穿透厚度时，燃烧过程特征峰的强度和时间随老化程度变化表现出周期性和阻尼性。
（4）开展了水平和倾角条件下干湿老化木材小型火蔓延实验，分析了干湿交替老化对木材火蔓延行为影响规律，建立了水平条件下老化木材火蔓延模型，揭示了木材火蔓延行为受干湿老化影响演变机制。研究表明，在水平条件下，由于老化过程引起木材热运输能力周期性和阻尼性演化，导致木材在火蔓延过程中火焰高度、火焰宽度、火焰面积、火蔓延速率等火焰参数均随干湿老化程度的加深其演化规律均呈现正弦阻尼变化规律。当倾斜角度较小时干湿交替老化过程对木材火蔓延行为的影响较大；由于老化过程引起木材燃烧挥发物析出强度增大，导致木材火蔓延速率快速增长的临界倾斜角度变小。

The fire safety protection of ancient wooden structure buildings has always been paid attention by the country and all sectors of society. However, due to the characteristics of wood aging, diverse wood structure design and complex spatial layout, it is difficult to make early prediction and accurate warning of the fire and fire spread of ancient wooden structure ancient buildings. In recent years, there have been many fire accidents of ancient wooden structure buildings, causing major loss of cultural relics and social impact. Therefore, according to the characteristics of dry and wet aging damage of ancient wood structure buildings, in view of the key scientific problems such as the burning and fire spread behavior of aging wood materials. Using the combination of dry and wet aging, combustion experiment and theoretical analysis, the combustion and fire spreading behavior of dry and wet aging wood are carried out to master the combustion and spreading characteristics of aging wood. It is of certain scientific value and practical significance to provide data reference and theoretical support for the precise fire prevention and rescue of ancient wooden buildings. The main innovative achievements were made are as follows:

(1)According to the characteristics of long-term aging damage of wood, the method of artificial accelerated dry and wet alternating aging is determined. Taking the common wood types of ancient buildings as the research object, the wood with different dry and wet aging degrees was obtained, and the basic physical characteristics of artificial accelerated dry and wet aging were tested and analyzed. The study shows that, affected by the plastic deformation of the cell wall in the process of alternating dry and wet aging, the local structure of the wood collapses to different degrees, the surface tear degree increases, and the small cracks increase. Due to the joint influence of elastic stress and mechanical adsorbed creep stress in the process of desorption cycle, the pore deformation of wood shows periodicity and damping with the aging degree, that the thermoproperty parameters of wood were both sinusoidal damping characteristic with the deepening of aging degree.

(2)The wood heat flow evolution process was analyzed before and after dry and wet aging, and the stage migration law of wood heat release before and after dry and wet aging is mastered. The evolution characteristic of wood combustion heat release process with dry and wet aging degree was explained. The dynamics of the heat release process in dry and wet aging wood was analyzed, the mechanism of the influence of the dry and wet alternating aging process on the heat reaction process was revealed. The study shows that the main heat release stage of dry and wet aging on wood combustion process was volatilization analysis stage. Due to the enhancement of the alternating aging process of the heat transport capacity of wood, the temperature range required in the volatile analysis stage was greatly reduced, the heat release in the volatile combustion stage was enhanced, and the carbon combustion stage was shortened. The apparent activation energy analysis shown that the dry and wet aging effect reduces the energy barrier of wood in the initial stage of accelerated heat release, and the effects of alternating dry and wet aging on the energy demand of wood in different exothermic stages exist in stages during the dry and wet aging. In the stage of accelerated exothermic, the initial dry and wet alternating aging process (10-30 times) leads to the opposite trend of apparent activation energy. The effect of alternating dry and wet aging on the energy demand of oxidation reaction at the end of the rapid exotherphase gradually decreases with the deepening of aging.

(3) Using a cone calorimeter, combined with the heat release characteristics of wood under the action of dry and wet aging, the combustion characteristics of wood were studied. The variation law of key combustion parameters such as ignition time, mass loss, heat release and flue gas yield under dry and wet aging and thickness was analyzed, and the evolution law of wood combustion process under dry and wet aging and thickness coupling was revealed. The results show that with the deepening of dry and wet aging, the performance of wood in maintaining the original size and shape was gradually weakened. The continuous alternating dry and wet aging leads to the increase of precipitation peak and exothermic peak strength of volatiles during wood surface combustion. After dry and wet aging, the occurrence time of carbon combustion peak and exothermic peak in the central carbon combustion stage of wood gradually advances with the deepening of dry and wet aging degree, but the strength of mass loss peak and exothermic peak was reduced. The larger the wood thickness, the wider the aging degree of the peak strength of the surface volatile precipitate changes and stabilizes, and the less the influence of dry and wet aging. Under the same degree of aging, the degree of aging and thickness were negatively correlated by the influence of central volatile transport and heat transfer. When the thickness of the aging wood was less than the thermal penetration thickness, the characteristic peaks of the combustion process show periodic and damped changes with the degree of aging.

(4)The experiment of dry and wet aging wood under horizontal and inclination conditions, analyzed the influence law of dry and wet alternating aging on wood fire spread behavior, established the aging wood fire spread model under horizontal conditions, and revealed the evolution mechanism of wood fire spread behavior affected by dry and wet aging. Under the horizontal condition, due to the periodic and damped evolution of wood heat transport capacity caused by the aging, the flame parameters such as flame height, flame width, flame area and fire spread rate all shown the change law of sinusoidal damping along with the deepening of dry and wet aging degree. When the tilt Angle was small, the dry and wet alternating aging process has a great influence on the spread behavior of wood fire. Because the aging process causes the increase of wood combustion volatile analysis strength, the critical tilt angle of wood fire spread rate becomes smaller.

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