地铁隧道盾构法施工不可避免的会引起地表沉降，研究其沉降规律对地铁施工安全和运营至关重要。本文以北京地铁16号线温阳路站~稻香湖路站区间为工程背景，采用理论分析、现场监控量测和数值模拟的方法，对盾构法施工引起地表沉降规律进行了分析研究，主要工作和结论如下： （1）盾构法施工引起的地表沉降机理主要是由于施工过程中对土体的扰动，其大小主要取决于隧道所在岩层及上覆岩层的特性。该地铁为双线隧道，沿线地质条件复杂多变，穿越粉土层、粉质粘土层和中粗砂层，上覆填土层、粉土层、粉质粘土层，稳定性较差强度低，易发生坍塌和涌水现象。 （2）通过对沿线13个地表沉降监测数据综合分析可以看出：各断面沉降值差异较大，最大沉降为14.3mm，最小为7.3mm，这主要是由各区段地质条件不同引起的，但区段内地表沉降值均小于20mm的北京地区盾构法施工引起地表沉降的控制标准。 （3）通过对典型断面现场监测和数值模拟分析可知：单线开挖时横向地表沉降表现为凹槽形沉降规律，双线隧道横向地表沉降呈“W”型沉降规律，其影响范围和沉降量呈明显的叠加效应。主要影响区域为中心线以外7~12m范围内，总的地表沉降区域为各自中心线以外22~30m范围内。同时土层地质条件（密实性，自稳能力）越好，地表沉降越小；隧道埋深越大，地表沉降越小。 （4）纵向地表沉降规律具有明显的阶段性，盾构机到达前，地表沉降量仅占总沉降量的5~15%，通过过程中沉降量占总沉降量的45~50%，后续沉降量占40~45%。其沉降曲线近似于以反弯点对称的两条平滑分段指数函数，影响区域为盾构机刀盘前方15m到刀盘通过监测断面30m范围内。

Shield construction of subway tunnel will inevitably lead to surface subsidence, the study of which will be of vital importance to the safety of construction and operation. This paper is based on Wenyang lu station-Daoxianghu lu station of Beijing No.16 Line, analysis the law of surface caused by shield construction through the method of theory analysis and Site monitoring measurement and numerical modeling. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) The mechanism of surface subsidence caused by shield construction is mainly due to the disturbance of soil during construction, which depends mainly on the characteristics of the rock and overlying strata. The subway is a two-lane tunnel, along the geological conditions are complex and varied, the soil layer which the tunnel through is silty layer, silty clay layer and the coarse sand layer, The soil above the tunnel is reclamation soil layer, silt layer, silty clay layer, the stability of the soil around the tunnel is poor and the strength is low ,and soil layer prone to collapse and gushing water. (2) Through the comprehensive analysis of 13 surface subsidence monitoring data along the line obtain results: the settlement value of each section is quite different, the maximum settlement is 14.3mm, the minimum is 7.3mm, this is mainly caused by the different geological conditions of the sections, but the surface subsidence values in the sections are less than the control standard of surface subsidence caused by shield construction in Beijing which is 20 mm. (3) Through the typical cross-site detection and numerical simulation analysis obtain results: the lateral subsidence of the single-line excavation is the subsidence of the grooved surface, the lateral subsidence of the two-lane tunnel is "W", its influence range and settlement have obvious superposition effect, the main influence area is 7m to 12m meter outside the center line, the total surface subsidence area is within the range of 22m to 30m outside the center line. The better the geologic conditions (compactness, self-stabilizing ability), the smaller the surface subsidence, and the deeper the tunnel is buried the smaller the surface subsidence. (4) The longitudinal subsidence law has obvious stage, before the arrival of the shield machine, the surface subsidence accounts for only 5 to 15 percent of the total settlement, when the shield machine through the process, the surface subsidence accounts for only 45 to 50 percent of the total settlement, after the shield machine through, the surface subsidence accounts for only 40 to 45 percent of the total settlement. The subsidence curve is similar to the two smooth segment exponential functions symmetrical with the anti-bending point. The influence area is 15 meter in front of the cutter head of the shield machine and Shield machine cutter through 30m distance.