GPS(全球卫星定位系统)是随着现代科学的发展而兴起的先进导航、定位技术。由于GPS测量有传统测量不可取代的优点，使GPS测量在工程测量中的地位日益重要，相关的技术知识也发展很快。GPS技术、RS(遥感)技术、GIS(地理信息系统)技术等数字测绘技术正广泛地应用于工程测量中，并发挥主导作用。 随着GPS接收机的改进，GPS定位技术，DGPS差分定位技术和RTK实时差分定位技术的发展和美国SA政策的解除，单点定位精度不断提高，并满足动态、快速、高精度定位的需要，使GPS在陆地导航、各类控制网建立、精密工程测量、施工放样等方面推广应用。新技术的应用可能会提出一些新问题，本文就是针对GPS在测量应用中遇到的几个问题进行分析，提出解题思路，并通过试验测定，结果分析，得出切实有效的解决方案。受传统布网方式的影响，GPS定位技术作为一种高精度、高效率的现代定位技术，在大中型GPS网布设时，一般是由高级到低级逐级加密，而很少根据工程需要灵活布网，这在一定程度上造成了工作量的浪费。为了充分发挥GPS的优越性，提高它的工作效率，本文首先简述GPS、RTK技术的原理及其发展现状，通过实践工程的GPS控制数据，分析研究了GPS起算点的个数、布网方法、观测时间、多路径效应对GPS观测成果的影响，同时分析和探讨了GPS-RTK测量的诸多因素(GPS系统、数据链、RTK系统、环境、观测方案)和RTK数据的稳定性和准确性。通过具体的外业实验和数据处理，探讨最佳的GPS观测方案，为以后的类似工程实践提供一些指导性的建议。

Global Positioning System(oPS)is advanced navigating and positioning technology based on modem science．Due to its瓤lvmm硝over traditional surveying GPS surveying is getting more and mo犯important in surveying engineering．Consequently,the related technique and knowledge a糟well developed．GPS technology together with Remote sensing aRs)and Geographical Information System(GIs)technology is applied to surveying engheerillg，which contributes greatly to the conversion from traditional surveying to digital one． GPS technology has got improved a lot in many fields．For example，the performance of GPS receivers gets 11igher and some technologies such as DGPS differentiate positioning and RTK differentiate positioning黜e9矧tod．In addition,the SA policy Was abolished．As a result,GPS positioning c弛meet the n∞ds of high precision and low consumption of time． Thus GPS surveying is applied to lots of fields such as land navigation,establishment of various levels of controlling nets,precise surveying,layom surveying and SO on．Not exceptionally GPS surveying is attractive to survey．Meanwhile，the application of GPS surveyingmay put forth some questions and problems,to which the solutions a聪given in the paper．11地GPS localization technology is akind of high accuracy，high efficiency modem localization technology,however,as a result of the influence on traditional net distribution way,it is generally from high-level to prelimin：ny by the level encryption when distributing the large and middle scale GPS net,and seldom distribute according to the project needs9 which has created the workload waste in certain degree．In order to make fIlll use of GPS superiority and enhancc its working efficienty，this thesis first summarizes GPS，the RTK technology’s principle and its present development situation．For the practical project,it is mainly through the GPS control data to conduct the research on the starting point to the number of GPS，net distribution methods,the time of observation,multiplex route reflection on the GPS observation achievements,as well as many factors affecting the GPS—RTK survey (the GPS system,data chains，the RTK system,environment,observation plans)and the RTK data stability and the accuracy．By concrete field experiment and data processing，We can explore the optimum GPS observation plans to provide some useful instructions to the future project practice．