在"双碳"战略背景下，掺氢天然气凭借其低碳特性、与现有基础设施兼容性及燃烧效率优势，成为传统天然气向纯氢转型的战略过渡燃料，已在多领域示范应用并加速推广。然而，伴随产业链延伸，在气体掺混、管网输配至终端应用的全产业链中，安全风险显著增加。本文改进、设计并展开了一系列含添加剂细水雾抑制气体射流火焰模拟实验，系统地研究了掺氢天然气扩散射流火焰燃烧行为特性，建立了掺氢天然气射流火焰几何特性与辐射参数的预测模型；确定了一种高效复配添加剂，量化了复配钾盐细水雾中阳离子与阴离子对掺氢天然气火焰抑制作用的贡献；研究了复配钾盐细水雾对掺氢天然气射流火焰的作用效能，结合气-雾相互作用流场特性，明晰了气-雾相互作用的竞争行为和定量关系；构建了含气态KOH的简化动力学机理，探明了复配钾盐细水雾抑制掺氢天然气射流火焰传播的关键反应路径。阐明了复配钾盐细水雾微观反应中断、介观涡旋剥离与宏观抑制火焰的协同抑制机理，以期在气体泄漏初始阶段有效抑制火灾、爆炸事故的发生。主要内容与成果如下：

利用自主搭建的气体射流火焰实验装置，获取了多因素下掺氢天然气射流火焰几何特征参数，研究了多因素下掺氢天然气射流火焰关键几何特征参数的变化规律。研究表明，对于垂直射流火焰，通过修正火焰弗洛德数，建立了掺氢天然气射流火焰高度的无量纲预测模型；对于倾斜向上射流火焰，掺氢天然气归一化火焰水平投影距离与无量纲热释放速率呈显著相关，提出了实验范围内掺氢天然气射流火焰水平投影距离的全局预测模型，且建立了掺氢天然气射流火焰迹线与火焰弗洛德数的无量纲预测模型；对于倾斜向下的射流火焰，掺氢天然气归一化火焰水平投影距离和向下延伸长度均与修正火焰弗洛德数呈显著相关性，建立了掺氢天然气火焰水平投影距离和向下延伸长度的无量纲预测模型。此外，获取了掺氢天然气射流火焰辐射分数，基于辐射分数与火焰弗洛德数的广义相关性，提出了掺氢天然气垂直与倾斜向上射流火焰辐射分数的半经验预测模型。

利用改进小尺度杯式燃烧器实验平台，获取了含碳酸钾、碳酸钠、草酸钾、醋酸钾、氯化钾和碳酸氢钾六种含碱金属盐细水雾的最小灭火浓度，确定了一种高效复配添加剂。采用机器学习预测了含复配钾盐细水雾的最小灭火浓度，对掺氢比例与不同阴、阳离子的重要性进行了研究。研究表明，碱金属盐的阳离子的灭火效能遵循K⁺>Na⁺的规律。在掺氢比例为4 %和8 %工况下，含CO₃^2-阴离子的盐类表现出最优灭火性能；当掺氢比例提升为12 ~20 %时，CH₃ COO^-基盐类表现出更好的灭火效率。优选出K₂CO₃与CH₃COOK两种钾盐并将其以不同质量比进行复配，结合其灭火效率、绿色环保、应用范围、经济性等原则，最终确定了一种高效的复配添加剂：1.5%K₂CO₃+0.5%CH₃COOK。此外， XGBoost模型的预测效果最佳；掺氢比例对最小灭火浓度的影响最显著，k+重要性占比仅次于掺氢比例；CO₃²⁻和CH₃COO⁻重要性相对较弱；其他阴离子对最小灭火浓度的贡献较小，影响有限。

利用自主搭建的细水雾雾场特性实验装置和细水雾抑制气体射流火焰实验系统，获取了含复配钾盐细水雾雾特性参数，结合复配钾盐细水雾的灭火效率以及典型灭火过程图像，探究了复配钾盐细水雾与射流火焰的竞争行为。研究表明，喷雾压力与雾场特性参数显著相关，具体表现为雾锥角与喷雾压力呈负相关，雾通量随喷雾压力增大而增加；在实验范围内，雾滴粒径随着喷雾轴向距离增大呈现减小趋势；雾滴速度均沿径向距离先减小后增大，且随轴向距离增大呈下降趋势。此外，当雾动量大于火焰动量时，可有效抑制射流火焰；当雾动量小于火焰动量时，细水雾无法抑制射流火焰，反而产生助燃效应，增大了射流火焰的风险。

利用2D-PIV技术测量气-雾相互作用流场结构，当喷雾压力与喷口等效直径恒定时，气体射流火焰流量增大，导致气-雾相互作用界面抬升，并诱发涡旋结构，较大流量的气体射流火焰对细水雾流场仅有轻微扰动；当喷雾压力与火焰流量恒定时，喷口等效直径增大，气-雾相互作用界面呈上升趋势；当喷口等效直径与流量恒定时，气-雾相互作用界面与喷雾压力呈负相关。以复配钾盐细水雾抑制射流火焰过程中的火焰高度为评判标准，基于气-雾动量比揭示了气-雾相互作用的定量关系。采用CHEMKIN，构建了含气态KOH的简化反应动力学机理，探明了复配钾盐细水雾抑制掺氢天然气火焰传播的关键反应路径。研究表明，复配钾盐细水雾抑制下火焰高度与有效气-雾动量比呈显著相关性。复配钾盐细水雾抑制掺氢天然气射流火焰过程中，R4: H+CH₃(+M) <=>CH₄(+M)、 R5: H+CH₄<=>CH₃+H₂ 、R23: KOH+H<=> K+H₂O促进OH的消耗，且降低了温度。抑制过程以动力学效应为主导，次要机制为吸热冷却效应、惰化效应、化学效应以及附加效应。

Under the dual-carbon strategy, hydrogen-blended natural gas has emerged as a strategic transitional fuel from conventional natural gas to pure hydrogen, leveraging its low-carbon characteristics, compatibility with existing infrastructure, and enhanced combustion efficiency. It has achieved demonstration applications across multiple sectors with accelerating commercialization. However, safety risks have significantly increased throughout the entire industrial chain, spanning from gas blending, pipeline transportation/distribution to end-user applications, as the industry ecosystem expands. In this paper, we designed and conducted a series of simulated experiments on the suppression of hydrogen-enriched natural gas jet flames by water mist containing alkali metal salts to study the combustion characteristics of gas diffusion jet flames and establish prediction models. A high-efficiency compound additive has been identified, and the respective contributions of cations and anions in water mist containing compounded potassium salt to the suppression of hydrogen-enriched natural gas flames have been elucidated; We investigated and revealed the suppression efficacy and mechanism of the effect of water mist containing compounded potassium salt on the hydrogen-enriched natural gas jet flame by combining with the flow field characteristics of the gas–spray interaction; A reduced kinetics mechanism for hydrogen-enriched natural gas oxidation containing gaseous KOH was built,  and the key reaction pathways have been identified. The synergistic suppression mechanism involving microscopic reaction interruption, mesoscopic vortex stripping, and macroscopic flame stabilization has been elucidated, thereby providing a scientific basis for effectively suppressing fire and explosion accidents during the initial stages of gas leakage. The main contents and results are as follows:

The morphological parameters of hydrogen-enriched natural gas jet flames are obtained for different types of nozzle apertures, gas flow rates, and hydrogen ratios using a self-maded gas jet flame experimental setup. The geometrical parameters of hydrogen-enriched natural gas were quantified under different conditions. For vertical jet flames, by modifying the flame Froude number (Fr_f), a dimensionless prediction model is established for the flame height; For inclined upward jet flames, the normalized flame horizontal projection distance is well correlated with the dimensionless heat release rate. A global prediction model for an inclination angle of 0°≤θ≤60° and a range of 2000<Q^∗<20,000 is proposed based on experiments data, a dimensionless prediction model is established for the flame trajectory; For the downward-tilted jet flame, the normalized flame horizontal projection distance and flame downward extension length correlate well with the dimensionless Fr_f. A dimensionless prediction model is established for the flame horizontal projection distance and flame downward extension length. In addition, the radiation characteristic parameters of hydrogen- enriched natural gas vertical  and inclined upward jet fires are investigated.  A semiempirical prediction model is proposed based on the generalized correlation between the radiation fraction calculated from the point source model and the Fr_f.

The minimum extinguishing concentrations(MEC) of six water mist containing alkali metal salts （potassium carbonate , sodium carbonate, potassium oxalate, potassium acetate , potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate）were tested using an improved small-scale Cup-burner experimental device. A high-efficiency composite additive has been identified. Machine learning was employed to predict the MEC of water mist containing alkali metal salts, and the relative importance of hydrogen addition and different anions/cations was analyzed through feature importance ranking. Results that the suppression order of cations of alkali metal compounds for fire extinguishing was K⁺>Na⁺. The anion CO₃^2- outperformed the other anions when 4 % and 8 % hydrogen were added. When the volume fraction of H₂ was 12 %~20 %, the anion CH₃COO^- showed better fire extinguishing efficiency. Two potassium salt additives, K₂CO₃ and CH₃COOK, were selected and compounded. By comparing the MEC of the two potassium salts in different ratios, and combining the principles of fire extinguishing efficiency, environmental protection, application scope and economy, an efficient additive was identified: 1.5 % K₂CO₃ + 0.5 % CH₃COOK. XGBoost model has the best prediction effect. The hydrogen addition has the most significant effect on the minimum extinguishing concentrations , with K⁺ ranking second in importance proportion after hydrogen addition; CO₃^2- and CH₃COO^- exhibit relatively weaker importance; other anions contribute minimally to the minimum extinguishing concentration, showing limited.

By using the experimental setup built to measure water mist field characteristics and water mist suppression gas jet flame test system to obtain the water mist containing compound potassium salt characteristics parameters. Based on the fire extinguishing efficiency and fire extinguishing process images, the competitive mechanisms of gas–spray were systematically investigated. Results that with the increase of spray pressure, the spray cone angle decreases and the spray flux increases; Within the experimental range, the droplet particle size shows a decreasing trend with the increase of spray axial distance; the droplet velocity decreases and then increases along the radial distance, and shows a decreasing trend with the increase of axial distance. When the spray momentum is greater than the flame momentum, it is effective in addressing the gas after the leak; when the spray momentum is less than the flame momentum, water mist cannot inhibit the jet flame, and it is fueled by gas combustion, increasing the gas jet flame combustion volume and the risk of jet flame.

The flow field structure of the interaction between the water mist and gas jet flame is measured by the 2D-PIV. The results show that for the same spray pressure of water mist, the same pipe nozzle with the flame flow rate increases, the height of the gas–spray interaction interface increases, and a vortex structure is formed at the gas–spray contact surface; however, the gas jet flame with a higher flow rate slightly perturbs the water mist flow field. At the same flow rate and spray pressure of water mist, the gas–spray contact surface rises as the diameter of the nozzle increases. The gas–spray contact surface decreases with increasing spray pressure for the same nozzle diameter and flow rate. The flame height during the suppression of the jet flame by the water mist containing potassium salt was used as a criterion to analyze the interaction mechanism based on the gas-spray momentum ratio.  In addition, A reduced kinetics mechanism for hydrogen-enriched natural gas oxidation containing gaseous KOH was built,  and the key reaction pathways through which water mist containing compounded potassium salt suppresses hydrogen-enriched natural gas jet flame propagation have been identified. The results show that there is a good correlation between the flame height under suppression and the effective gas-spray momentum ratio. During the suppression of hydrogen-enriched natural gas jet flames by water mist containing potassium salt, the following key reactions were identified to promote OH radical consumption and temperature reduction: R4: H+CH₃(+M) <=>CH₄(+M)、 R5: H+CH₄<=>CH₃+H₂ 、R23: KOH+H<=> K+H₂O. The momentum of water mist has effect on gas jet flame. The secondary mechanisms are heat absorption and cooling, oxygen replacement, thermal radiation attenuation and chemical suppression.

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