煤炭开采引起地表沉陷，土地遭受破坏，不仅使矿区环境素质恶化，而且造成生态平衡被破坏，大气、水、土壤被污染，人们的正常生活受到干扰。目前国内外对煤炭开采土地破坏的研究多围绕煤矿土地复垦而展开，虽然做了很多土地复垦项目，但尚未形成完整、系统的研究体系，其中对土地复垦综合评价方面的研究还相当薄弱。 靖远矿区是甘肃省主要的煤炭生产基地，煤炭地下开采导致的一系列生态环境问题给当地工农业生产和人民生活带来了很大的危害，严重影响了该区域社会经济的可持续发展。本文以靖远矿区为例，从土地复垦和恢复生态学的角度出发，分析了采煤沉陷区的特点，结合当地的自然地理条件和社会经济条件，建立了靖远矿区采煤沉陷区复垦综合评价系统，选择合理的评价因子，运用层次分析法对复垦潜力进行评价。将采煤沉陷地分为三种潜力区，分别对每种潜力类型区的复垦开发利用方向进行了优化设计，包括空间结构和用地结构的优化，从理论上和实践上对靖远矿区采煤沉陷地的复垦能力以及复垦过程中用地结构的优化作了详细的探讨。希望能以小见大，以期对当地沉陷地的复垦提供一定的科学依据。

Coal mining causes the surface damage, the land is destoried, not only causes environmental quality to worsen in the mining area, but also creates the ecological balance to destroy, the atmosphere, the water and the soil is polluted, people's normal life receives the disturbance. At present the destructive research mining land to coal surrounds coal mining land reclamation but spreads out muchly in nation and internation, the system forming entire , systematic research not yet , research among them to land reclamation overall evaluation aspect are fairly pretty weak although having made many land reclamation projects. Jingyuan mining area is the basement in Gansu Province , a series of ecological environment problem that the coal underground mining leads to has given locality industry and agriculture which the people have brought about very large damage , has affected gravely the sustainable development of the society economy. The main body of the thesis Jingyuan mining area regard as example , set off from land reclamation and the angle restoring ecology's, characteristic having analysed coal mining subsidence area, been tied in wedlock local physical geography condition and social and economic condition, have built Jingyuan mining area coal mining downpunching area reclamation overall evaluation system , have chosen rationally the valuation appraising a factor , applying arrangement of ideas analysis law to be in progress to reclamation potential. The field divides to cutting coal sinking into three kinds potential area , the optimization the reclamation respectively to every kind of potential type area is developed to make use of direction to have been in progress designs that, the architectural optimization has done detailed investigation and discussion including space structure and with architectural optimization of field, from composing in reply theoretically useful reclamation ability and reclamation process put into practice going ahead to Jingyuan mining area coal mining downpunching field. Hope that the reclamation should be able to appear to be bigger from little , to expect to provides the certain science basis for the local subsidence area.