随着社会的进步和发展，馈线的结构也变得更加复杂。馈线的无功优化是提高馈线供电能力，保证馈线经济运行的有效手段。通过在馈线中合理配置无功补偿设备，能提高馈线的电压合格率，有效地降低馈线有功损耗。传统的馈线无功配置方法是在各种理想条件的假设下进行的，配置不合理，误差大。因而，研究精模型下的无功配置方法既具有理论意义，又具有实际的应用价值。 首先对负荷的特性进行总结，在此基础上研究负荷的无功补偿。采用经典的无功补偿方法，计算负荷的最大补偿容量和电容器分组容量。针对一条馈线，建立了馈线无功优化的数学模型。模型中考虑了潮流约束、电压约束和线路补偿容量约束，目标是线损和无功补偿投资费用最小。 在此基础上，选择了蚁群算法进行馈线无功优化模型求解。优化模型的适应度函数计算涉及到线损求解。根据馈线和优化模型的特点，适应度函数中的线损求解采用了BX潮流算法。 最后，应用本文建立的方法，开发了基于蚁群算法的馈线无功优化的计算程序，并以一条28节点和一条33节点的10kV馈线为算例进行了无功补偿计算，并对计算结果进行了分析，证明建立的优化模型和算法是有效的。

With the improvement and development of society, the structure of feeder has become more complex. The reactive power optimization of feeder is an important measure to increase the feeder power supply capacity and ensure feeder economic operation. Through configuring the equipment of reactive power compensation properly in the feeder, feeder voltage qualification can be improved and reactive loss can be effectively reduced. The traditional method of reactive power allocation is carried out under the supposing ideal conditions so that the allocation is unreasonable and the error is bigger. Therefore, to research the method of reactive power allocation under the precision model has not only the theoretical significance but also the practical value. Firstly, the characteristics of load are summarized. Secondly, the reactive power compensation is researched on this basis. By the classic method of reactive power compensation, the maximum capacity of the compensation and the packet capacity of the capacitor are calculated. For a feeder, the mathematical model of reactive power optimization is established. In the model, the objective is that the summation of the line loss and the invested costs of reactive power compensation is least, and the constraints of the current, the voltage and the compensatory capacity are considered. The question is solved by the ant colony algorithm. The function of fitness is solved by BX method, and the result of optimization will be directly affected by the calculating speed and the convergence. This program of trend and line loss is written by BX method, and it is proved to be Correct by an example. On the basis of this, ant colony algorithm is used to calculate optimization model. Sufficiency function compution of optimization need to use the line loss. According to the characteristic of feeder line and optimization, BX power flow calculation is used in solving line loss of sufficiency function. Finally, by the method created in this paper, the program of reactive power optimization based on ant colony algorithm is developed in the feeder. As an example to the 10kV feeder of 28 nodes and 33 nodes, the reactive power compensation is calculated. Through the analysis of the computing result, the optimization model and algorithm are proved to be effective.