由于煤矿对地震勘探所要完成地质任务的精细程度要求越来越高，使得三维地震勘探得到了快速的发展。三维地震勘探有数据量大，纵向、横向分辨率高等优点，为煤田地震勘探的精细解释创造了条件。波阻抗反演技术是三维地震勘探中的一种重要的技术方法, 它能够把高纵向分辨率的测井资料与三维地震资料结合起来，能够提高了三维地震资料处理解释的精细程度，为煤层的厚度、可采边界，煤系地层岩性特征的精细解释提供依据。 本文从反演方法的研究背景、国内外研究现状入手，对反演技术的几种主要方法进行阐述，并对其优缺点进行了比较。以文家坡井田首采区为研究对象，基于测井数据约束模型的反演方法，利用波阻抗反演技术的原理和方法，以及地震属性提取技术，开展文家坡井田构造研究，并进行煤厚、煤层分叉、煤层的可采边界以及煤厚变化趋势研究，总结出一套适用于文家坡井田波阻抗反演的技术方法。研究表明，文家坡井田煤厚的变化趋势及可采边界为一煤层为局部可采煤层，一煤在研究区西北部以及东部较厚，在中部及南部煤层变薄不可采，厚度在0.8 ~3.34米之间变化；三煤为局部可采煤层，在研究区西部和中东部的部分地段可采，厚度在0.8 ~1.85米之间变化；四煤层的厚度在研究区西部相对比较稳定，厚度较厚，总体厚度在3.43 ~14.58米之间变化，在研究区东部煤层厚度急剧变薄，并在研究区东部与东南部边界周围存在地震反射波承带状分布的异常区域，该异常区域内四煤层产生分叉逐渐变薄，初步解释此异常区域为由古代河流冲刷而产生的。

Because the coal mine seismic exploration in the geological task to complete the precise degree of the increasingly high demand, the 3D seismic exploration has been rapid development. The 3D seismic exploration has large amount of data, longitudinal, transverse resolution advantages, to create the conditions for the fine interpretation of coalfield seismic exploration. Wave impedance inversion technique is an important technique in 3D seismic exploration, it is able to well logging data with high vertical resolution and 3D seismic data, can improve the precision of 3D seismic data processing and interpretation, as the coal thickness, recoverable boundary, and provide the basis for fine interpretation of coal measure strata lithological characters. From the inversion method of the research background, the research status at home and abroad in this article, several main methods of inversion technique is described, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The Wen Jiapo mine field first mining area as the research object, logging data inversion method based on constraint model, by using the principle and method of wave impedance inversion, and seismic attribute extraction technology, study the Wen Jiapo mine field structure, and coal thickness, splitting of the coal seam, coal seam recoverable boundary and the trend of coal thickness research, summarize a set of applicable to the Wen Jiapo mine field wave impedance inversion technique. Research shows that, the Wen Jiapo mine field structure is relatively simple, is the Mengcun Syncline area eastern extension area, the north and South wings dip gently for about 3 ~ 6 °, Ida mainly coal accumulating area. Wen Jiapo mine field coal thickness change trend and recoverable boundary for a coal seam is partly mineable coal, a coal in the exploration area of north-west and thick in the East, in the central and southern thin coal bed is not recoverable, thickness changes between 0.8 ~3.34m; three of coal for the local coal seam, in part area exploration area of Western and Middle Eastern recoverable, thickness changes between 0.8 ~1.85m; four coal seam thickness in the exploration area in the west is relatively stable, thickness, total thickness variation in 3.43 ~14.58m, in the eastern thickness sharply thinner, and the emergence of a zonal distribution of seismic reflection wave anomaly area in the vicinity of the Eastern exploration region and the southeastern boundary, the abnormal region four thin coal bed, coal seam bifurcation, preliminary interpretation that is formed as a result of the ancient river erosion of the ancient river.