我国多数煤层渗透率低、瓦斯含量高、吸附能力强等特点严重限制了瓦斯抽采效率，影响矿井安全生产。如何改善煤层渗透性，提高瓦斯抽采效率，是目前煤岩增渗与瓦斯促抽技术领域的热点研究内容之一。液态CO₂作为一种低温、低黏、相变增压、强吸附性能的流体，将其注入煤层中在液态CO₂冷冲击与相变压力作用下，对煤体微观结构产生损伤效应改变煤体渗透率，同时相变为气态的CO₂气体分子在其气相渗流范围内能够驱替煤层CH₄强化瓦斯抽采。然而，液态CO₂注入煤层传热传质相态转化时，多相态CO₂（液相、气液混合相、气相）在煤层中的渗流规律与作用过程时效特征存在差异性。因此，本文采用理论分析、实验测试、数值模拟、现场试验相结合的研究方法，对液态CO₂损伤煤体孔裂隙结构演化规律与增渗特性进行量化表征，研究了相态转化后CO₂气相渗流驱替煤层CH₄时效性特征，揭示了液态CO₂相变驱替煤层CH₄多场耦合渗流作用过程及相互关系，开展了液态CO₂驱替煤层瓦斯现场试验。获得以下主要成果：

（1）分析了注入煤层中的CO₂液相渗流过程中冷冲击与相变压力对煤体微观结构损伤作用过程，采用低压氮吸附法、压汞法研究了液态CO₂损伤煤体全孔径段孔隙结构演化规律。液态CO₂损伤煤体孔隙结构二次发育，总孔隙占比增加，分形特征明显，大量吸附孔转化为渗流孔隙结构，煤体孔隙结构中气体渗流能力增强。

（2）采用X射线CT扫描技术，借助Avizo系统软件的图像处理、三维可视化及算法功能模块，构建了煤体裂隙网络展布与逾渗理论模型，量化表征了液态CO₂损伤煤体裂隙网络变化规律与增渗特性。结果显示液态CO₂损伤煤柱总体积（V_t）、裂隙网络体积（V₀）以及裂隙网络占比（ ）均明显增大，煤体产生变形破坏，裂隙网络新生与空间展布特征明显。液态CO₂损伤处理煤基质块体逾渗模型的单值函数映射区域变大，对应逾渗曲线更加密集，渗透率明显增大，表明注入煤层中的液态CO₂在其液相渗流范围内对煤体渗透率具有明显的改善作用。

（3）搭建了CO₂气相渗流驱替煤体CH₄系统平台，开展了不同压力与温度条件下CO₂驱替CH₄时效特征的实验测试。结果显示驱替压力恒定，低温环境对CO₂驱替CH₄效率具有明显的迟滞效应，随着温度升高驱替效率逐渐提升。驱替温度恒定时，适当增加驱替压力，CO₂驱替CH₄效率增加，驱替时间减少，时效性明显。由CO₂驱替CH₄效率与驱替比可知，随驱替压力与温度的增加，η_max由56.02%%增至92.87%，μ_max由1.57:1变为1:2.5，相比回收单位体积CH₄的CO₂用量减少，驱替效率明显提高。分析得出CO₂气流载携、CO₂/CH₄二元气体竞争吸附的高效驱替以及高浓度CO₂气体分子稀释煤体残余CH₄低效驱替的阶段性时效特征。

（4）构建了液态CO₂驱替煤层CH₄多相渗流作用过程数值解算模型，数值模拟研究了液态CO₂驱替煤层CH₄多相渗流作用过程中温度、压力、气体渗流速率、浓度的分布规律，得出基于几何模型中CO₂液相渗流损伤煤体半径在5 m以内，气相渗流驱替煤层CH₄半径达到15 m。由模拟抽采过程中CO₂/CH₄浓度随时间的变化规律，分析了液态CO₂驱替煤层CH₄效率衰减的临界时间节点。

（5）开展了煤层顺层钻孔注液态CO₂驱替瓦斯现场试验，分析了注入煤层液态CO₂多相渗流作用过程与压力、温度、流量等参数之间的对应关系，明确了注入本煤层的CO₂液相、气相运移范围大小，验证了液态CO₂驱替煤层瓦斯的高效性。

The low permeability, high gas content and strong adsorption capacity of most coalbed in our country severely restrict the efficiency of methane extraction and negatively affect the mine safety production, how to improve the coalbed permeability and enhance the efficiency of CBM recovery is one of the hotspots research contents in the field of gas disaster manage in coal mine. Liquid CO₂ as a fluid with low temperature, low viscosity and easy seepage, phase-transition pressurization, and strong adsorption potential energy features, injecting it into coalbed will change the permeability in the process of coal microstructure damaged under the action of liquid CO₂ cold impact and phase-transition pressure, and then the gaseous CO₂ will enhance CH₄ recovery in the coalbed. However, as an extremely unstable fluid, liquid CO₂ has different seepage evolution law and efficiency characteristic in the respective migration range with a liquid, gas and liquid mixture or gas phase states when it is injected into the coalbed. Therefore, this paper adopts the combined methods of theoretical analysis, experimental test, numerical simulation and field test, the evolution law of pore fracture structure and permeability increasing characteristics of coal damaged by liquid CO₂ are quantitatively characterized, the efficiency of CO₂ with a gaseous seepage state to displace CH₄ in the coal are analyzed. Then, the multi-field coupling seepage characteristics and their relations of liquid CO₂ injection to enhance CH₄ recovery in the coalbed are studied. Finally, a field application test of liquid CO₂ injection to enhance CBM recovery is carried out and the process effect is verified. The main results are as follows:

(1) The damage effect of coal microstructure caused by the frost-heaving fore and phase-transition force in the process of liquid CO₂ injected into coalbed are analyzed. Adopting the methods of LP-N₂-Ad and MIP to study the evolution law of coal pore structure in the full aperture section that damaged by liquid CO₂ injection into coal, resulting the liquid stress damage effect induced the secondary development of coal pore structure, the proportion of total pores increased and the fractal characteristics are obvious, in addition, a large number of adsorption pores are transformed into seepage pore structure, it indicates the gas seepage capability in the coal microstructure is increased.

(2) Using X-ray CT scanning technology, with the help of image processing, three-dimensional visualization and algorithm function modules by Avizo system software, the theoretical model of coal fracture network distribution and percolation is constructed, and the variation law of fracture network and permeability enhancement of coal damaged by liquid CO₂ injection are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that under the damaged effects by liquid CO₂ injection, the total volume of coal pillar (V_t), the volume of fracture network (V₀) and the proportion of fracture network ( ) are significantly increased, resulting the stress damaged effect caused the coal is deformed and the characteristics of fracture network regeneration and spatial distribution are obvious. Furthermore, the single value function coverage region in the percolation model becomes larger with coal block treated by liquid CO₂, it shows that the liquid CO₂ injected into coalbed can significantly improve the coal permeability within the range of CO₂ seepage as a liquid state.

(3) A system platform is conducted to test the efficiency characteristics of CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ recovery in the coal under different pressure and temperature conditions. The test results shown that as the displacement pressure is constant, resulting the low-temperature circumstance has a distinct delaying effect on the efficiency of CO₂ injection to displace CH₄, However, with the increase of temperature, the displacement efficiency increases gradually. Additionally, as the displacement temperature is constant and the displacement pressure is appropriately increased, the efficiency of CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ is improved, meanwhile the displacement time is reduced, displaying an obviously efficiency for a given period time. According to the efficiency and replacement ratio of CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ recovery in the coal, with the increase of displacement pressure and temperature, η_max increased from 56.02%% to 92.87%, μ_max changed from 1.57:1 to 1:2.5. Comparing with the recovery of CH₄ per unit volume, the amount of CO₂ usage is reduced and the efficiency is significantly enhanced. The mechanism of CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ is obtained, which divided into the high-efficiency displacement stage of CO₂ gas flow carrying effect and CO₂/CH₄ mixed gas competitive adsorption effect, and the low-efficiency displacement stage of residual CH₄ diluted by the high-concentration CO₂ gas molecules.

(4) A thermal-fluid-solid coupled numerical solution model of CH₄ displacement by liquid CO₂ injection in coalbed is established. Through the numerical analysis, the evolution laws and multi-phases seepage process of temperature field, pressure field, gas migration field in the process of liquid CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ recovery in the coalbed are studied. It is determined that the range of CO₂ seepage as a liquid state is within 5 m and the range of CO₂ seepage as a gaseous state is up to 15 m based on the geometric model. According to the variation law of CO₂/CH₄ concentration with time in the simulated extraction process, the critical time node of CH₄ efficiency attenuation of liquid CO₂ displacement coalbed is obtained.

(5) The in-situ application test of liquid CO₂ injection to displace CH₄ recovery in coalbed is carried out. Analyzing the corresponding relationship between the parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow and the CO₂ seepage rate in the coalbed during liquid CO₂ injected into coalbed. The effective influence radius of CO₂ seepage as a liquid state or gas state in the coalbed is defined, and the high-efficiency of liquid CO₂ injection to enhance CH₄ recovery is verified.

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