近年来，随着物联网设备、智能传感器等电子设备的蓬勃发展，能源的需求日益增多。传统的设备供应电池由于体积庞大、寿命有限且含有有害成分污染环境等缺点可能会限制物联网设备、智能传感器和可穿戴设备的工作效率。因此，为这些设备提供动力的环保替代新技术是当前和未来的研究挑战。摩擦纳米发电机基于接触起电和静电耦合的原理，能够将环境中的许多能量进行收集，并将其转换为电能。其作为一种从环境中收集能量的替代技术，因具有重量轻、生产成本低、操作简单、输出效率高等显著优点吸引了人们广泛关注。尽管已经有许多关于提高摩擦纳米发电机的输出效率和扩宽应用领域的研究，但是在潮湿环境中高效运行仍然面临挑战。因此，本文通过对摩擦电材料的设计和优化，获得了具有耐湿柔性的摩擦纳米发电机。使其不仅可以抵挡高湿度环境的干扰，并且能够更好与应用环境相匹配，在能量收集和人机界面传感等领域具有巨大前景。主要工作如下：

（1）通过溶液浇注和模板法在聚偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物和聚氯乙烯中掺杂二氧化钛纳米颗粒，获得了具有凹凸结构的柔性薄膜。将其作为负摩擦层与正摩擦层聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜进行组装，得到耐湿柔性的薄膜基摩擦纳米发电机（P-TENG）。通过引入二氧化钛，复合材料的介电常数和摩擦电性得到了显著的提升。同时，薄膜表面的粗糙结构使得其接触过程中有效接触面积增大，进而提升了材料表面的电荷密度。在面积为3 × 3 cm²时，P-TENG的开路电压和短路电流可达到235 V和35 μA，峰值功率密度为1.4 W m^-2。由于薄膜的静态接触角可达到为121°，具有良好的疏水性，因此使得P-TENG在潮湿环境中也能保持较好的性能。通过持续接触释放P-TENG，能够将机械能量通过整流器整流收集存储到商用电容器中，为一些低功耗电子设备提供电能，该P-TENG自供电传感器还有望被应用于运动健身、康复训练和人机交互等领域。

（2）以廉价易得的棉织物为基材，在其表面引入聚多巴胺、碳纳米管和聚吡咯，最后通过有机硅烷改性修饰，获得了超疏水导电织物。将其同时作为正摩擦层和电极，与负摩擦层聚四氟乙烯薄膜进行组装，得到耐湿导电的织物基摩擦纳米发电机（HPC-TENG）。该HPC-TENG与传统摩擦纳米发电机相比，具有结构简单、穿戴轻便等优点。在面积为3 × 3 cm²时，其开路电压和短路电流可达到300 V和50 μA，峰值功率密度为2.6 W m^-2，这可归因于HPC织物的强给电子基团、高导电性和丰富的微纳米粗糙结构的协同作用。此外，该HPC-TENG展现出卓越的耐湿性，可有效防止水分的干扰，即使在高湿度环境下依然能够保持良好的摩擦电输出性能。通过手拍HPC-TENG，不仅能点亮180个LEDs灯，还可以作为电源快速地为不同的商用电容器进行充电。应用研究表明，该柔性可穿戴HPC-TENG可被用作监测人体运动状态的压力传感器和多通道传感的智能娱乐游戏毯。

In recent years, with the booming development of electronic devices such as Internet of Things devices and smart sensors, the demand for energy has been increasing. Traditional device supply batteries may limit the efficiency of IoT devices, smart sensors, and wearables due to their bulky, limited lifespan, and environmental pollution with harmful components.  , it has attracted much attention due to its significant advantages such as light weight, low production cost, simple operation and high output efficiency. Although there have been many studies on improving the output efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators and expanding their application areas, efficient operation in humid environments is still a challenge. Therefore, in this paper, triboelectric nanogenerators with moisture-resistant flexibility are obtained through the optimization and design of friction electric materials. It makes it not only resistant to the interference of high humidity environment, but also better matched with the application environment, which has great prospects in the fields of energy harvesting and human-machine interface sensing. The main work is as follows:

(1) By solution casting and template method of doping titanium dioxide nanoparticles in poly(vinylidene fluoride) hexafluoropropylene copolymer and poly(vinyl chloride), flexible thin films with concave-convex structure were obtained. It was assembled as a negative friction layer with a positive friction layer of polyethylene terephthalate film to obtain moisture-resistant and flexible film-based triboelectric nanogenerator (P-TENG). By introducing titanium dioxide, the dielectric constant and friction electrical properties of the composites were significantly improved. At the same time, the rough structure of the film surface makes the effective contact area increase during the contact process, which in turn enhances the charge density of the material surface. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of P-TENG can reach 235 V and 35 μA at an area of 3 × 3 cm², with a peak power density of 1.4 W m^-2. The static contact angle of the film can reach 121°, and the film has good hydrophobicity, which allows P-TENG to maintain its performance in humid environments. By releasing P-TENG through sustained contact, mechanical energy can be collected and stored in commercial capacitors through rectifier rectification to provide power for some low-power electronic devices, and this P-TENG self-powered sensor is also expected to be applied in the fields of sports and fitness, rehabilitation training and human-computer interaction.

(2) Using cheap and readily available cotton fabric as a substrate, superhydrophobic conductive fabric was obtained by introducing polydopamine, carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole on its surface and finally modified by organosilane modification. It was simultaneously used as a positive friction layer and electrode, and assembled with a negative friction layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film to obtain a moisture-resistant and conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (HPC-TENG). This HPC-TENG has the advantages of simple structure and light wearing compared with the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current can reach 300 V and 50 μA at an area of 3 × 3 cm² with a peak power density of 2.6 W m^-2, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of strong electron-donating groups, high electrical conductivity, and abundant micro- and nano-coarse structures of HPC fabric. In addition, this HPC-TENG exhibits excellent moisture resistance to prevent moisture interference and maintains good friction electrical output performance even in high humidity environments. By hand tapping the HPC-TENG, it not only lights up 180 LEDs, but also serves as a power source to quickly charge different commercial capacitors. Application studies have shown that the flexible wearable HPC-TENG can be used as a pressure sensor for monitoring human movement status and a smart entertainment game blanket with multi-channel sensing.

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