为减少消防员伤亡，本文以个体防护为指导、结合人体工效学，将三维动作捕捉技术应用到防护服工效性能研究中，完善了防护服工效性能评价指标体系及其评价方法，实现了防护服对人体移动性能影响的“多服装、多状态、多部位、主客观结合”定量研究。主要工作和研究成果如下：

招募了20名受试者进行人体运动实验，分别穿着四种不同服装进行模拟消防救援的静态活动和动态活动，将三维动作捕捉系统测量的人体运动数据通过运算转化为防护服工效性能评价指标，对比不同服装间的工效性能差异；同时收集受试者在人体运动实验过程中对疲劳度、活动受限程度的主观评价得分，通过主客观指标相关性分析，提出了防护服工效性能主客观评价指标的定量表达式，对比分析了不同类型防护服对消防员身体各部位的移动性能影响规律。

结果表明：与基础服装相比，防护服对人体的关节活动度、操作的灵活性影响显著，且提高了人体运动过程中的疲劳度和活动受限程度。其中，静态活动中肩关节外展显著减小（25.9% - 40.2%, p < 0.05），动态活动中髋关节（伸展角度增大27.2%）、膝关节（着地角度增大75.4%）和踝关节（趾屈角度减小11.4° - 13.1°, p < 0.05）都受到防护服的影响导致行走的步速、步频、稳定性显著降低（p < 0.05），这可能导致消防员救援效率下降，滑倒、跌倒、绊倒的风险增高。此外，防护服工效性能的主客观评价指标显著相关：服装质量不仅直接负向影响关节活动度（r = - 0.521, p < 0.01），还通过限制关节活动正向影响疲劳度，进而间接负向影响关节活动度。即服装质量越大，活动受限程度越强，则疲劳感越大，导致关节活动度越小，中介效应显著（c = - 0.110, p = 0.026）。因此，降低消防员防护服的质量、提高防护靴鞋帮和鞋底的柔软度、增加防护服肩部的褶皱等设计都可以给疲劳感的降低、舒适感的提升带来帮助，进而提高消防员的运动表现。

结果明确了不同防护服之间存在差异的特定身体关节部位，从而支持对防护服进行系统全面的工效性能评估，以指导个体防护装备系统的改进，为高性能防护服的研发提供基础数据、为消防员应急救援训练和实战提供理论指导。

In order to reduce the casualties of firefighter, this paper takes the individual protection as the guide, combined with ergonomics, and the 3D motion capture technology was applied to the research on the ergonomic of personal protective clothing (PPC). The ergonomic evaluation index system and the quantitative research on the impact of PPC on human mobility with "multiple clothing, multiple sports states, multiple body parts, and subjective and objective combination" was realized in this study. The main work and research results are as follows:

Twenty participants were recruited for human movement experiments with four different clothing for static and dynamic activities, and the human movement data measured by the 3D motion capture system was converted into PPC ergonomics performance evaluation indicators through calculation. The differences in ergonomics between different PPCs were compared, and the subjective evaluation scores of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the restriction to movement during the experiment were collected. The quantitative expression of the subjective and objective evaluation indicators of the ergonomic of PPC was proposed through the correlation analysis, and the influence of different PPCs on the mobility of different parts of the firefighter's body was compared and analyzed.

The results showed that: compared with basic clothing, PPC has a significant impact on the range of motion (ROM) and operational flexibility, and improves the RPE and the restriction to movement during activities. In particular, shoulder abduction was significantly reduced by the limitation of PPC in static activities (25.9%-40.2%, p < 0.05), and in dynamic activities, hip (extension angle increased by 27.2%), knee (landing angle increased by 75.4%) and ankle (plantarflexion angle increased by 11.4°-13.1°) were both affected by PPC resulting in significantly lower gait speed, stride frequency, and stability (p < 0.05). This may lead to a decrease in firefighters' rescue efficiency in fires and increased risk of slips, falls, and trips (STF). In addition, the subjective and objective evaluation indicators of ergonomic of PPC were significantly correlated: clothing mass not only directly affected ROM (r = -0.521, p < 0.01), but also positively affected RPE by restricting movement, and then indirectly negatively affect ROM. The greater the mass of clothing, the greater the degree of restriction to movement, the greater the RPE, the lower the ROM of the joints, and the mediating effect was significant (c = -0.110, p = 0.026). Therefore, reducing the mass of PPC, using soft uppers and soles, and increasing the pleated design of the shoulders can all help reduce RPE and improve comfort, thereby improving the performance of firefighters’ movement.

These findings identify specific body parts in which differences between the PPCs were identified, thereby supporting a systematic and comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of PPC to guide the improvement of personal protective equipment systems. It can provide basic data for the development of high-performance PPC, and provide theoretical guidance for the training and actual combat of emergency rescue of firefighter.

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