摘 要 本文基于LDHs 良好的阻燃性能，煤富含炭源、类似膨胀性阻燃体系的结构特性，选取神府超细煤粉（SFC），制备了Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs/煤复合阻燃材料（LDHs/SFC）。研究了SFC和LDHs复配比（mLDHs/mSFC）对LDHs/SFC复合材料结构与性能的影响规律；探讨了LDHs/SFC复合材料的添加量、mLDHs/mSFC比对EVA/LDHs/SFC 阻燃复合材料性能的影响；阐明了SFC和LDHs的协同阻燃作用。 （1）用浸渍方法将金属离子引入煤孔结构及其表面， 通过变化pH值共沉淀法制备了Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs/煤复合材料。采用XRD，FT-IR，SEM和TG分析研究了mLDHs/mSFC比对LDHs/SFC复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明，随着mLDHs/mSFC比减小，LDHs/SFC复合材料中LDHs的结晶程度降低，但具有非常规整的板层结构，晶粒尺寸均大于纯LDHs。LDHs/SFC中LDHs均匀包覆于SFC表面，呈现“近似六方片状”结构，纳米层板取向倾向于垂直于煤表面，LDHs层板的团聚现象随mLDHs/mSFC比的减小而逐渐消失。随着mLDHs/mSFC比增大，LDHs/SFC的热稳定性逐渐提高。LDHs/SFC复合材料中LDHs为CO32-型，煤大分子与水滑石之间的相互作用方式为煤中羧基等酸性官能团与水滑石层板羟基的氢键相互作用。 （2）采用双螺杆挤出共混方法制备了EVA/LDHs/SFC阻燃复合材料，用锥形量热测试、氧指数测定、力学性能测定等分析手段研究了LDHs/SFC添加量、mLDHs/mSFC比对该阻燃材料性能的影响，阐明了SFC和LDHs的协同阻燃作用。结果表明，随着LDHs/SFC含量的增加，阻燃和抑烟效果越来越显著。当LDHs/SFC复合材料添加量为15wt%时， LDHs/SFC复合材料能够对EVA起到一定的阻燃和抑烟作用；随着mLDHs/mSFC比的减小，LDHs/SFC的阻燃和抑烟效果逐渐减弱。当LDHs/SFC复合材料的添加量15 wt %左右时，EVA阻燃复合材料的综合性能最佳，随LDHs/SFC中mLDHs/mSFC比的减小，EVA阻燃复合材料的力学性能降低。 综合上述研究结果，初步探讨了LDHs/SFC复合材料的协同阻燃机理。

ABSTRACT In this paper, based on the good flame retardant properties of LDHs and the potential application as carbon source of coal with the structural characteristics similar to the intumescent flame retardants, Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs/coal composite (LDHs/SFC) flame retardant materials was prepared using ultra-fine Shenfu coal (SFC) as raw materials. The effect of the ratio of SFC and LDHs in LDHs/SFC (mLDHs/mSFC) on the structural and properties of LDHs/SFC was investigated. And the effect of the addition amount of LDHs/SFC and the mLDHs/mSFC on the properties of EVA/LDHs/SFC flame retardant composites was also studied. The synergistic flame retardant effect of coal and LDHs were finally illustrated. (1)After the metal ions were firstly led into the pore structure and surface of coal by impregnation method, and then LDHs/SFC were prepared by using coprecipitation method. The effect of the mLDHs/mSFC on the structural and properties of LDHs/SFC was investigated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TG analysis. The results showed that the crystallinity of LDHs in LDHs/SFC composites is reduced with the decrease of the mLDHs/mSFC, but they have a very regular lamellar structure, and their grain size were greater than that of pure LDHs. LDHs in LDHs/SFC are uniformly coated on the surface of SFC, and presents a "approximate hexagonal flake" structure. The orientation of nano-laminate tends to be perpendicular to the coal surface. The agglomeration phenomenon of LDHs laminates gradually disappear with the decrease of the mLDHs/mSFC. The thermal stability of LDHs/SFC gradually improve with the increase of the mLDHs/mSFC. LDHs in LDHs/SFC composite material is CO32- type, the interactions between coal macromolecular and hydrotalcite is hydrogen bond forming from carboxyl and other acidic functional groups of coal and hydroxyl of hydrotalcites. (2)EVA/LDHs/SFC retardant composites were prepared by blend method on a twin-screw extruder, and the effect of the addition amount of LDHs / SFC and the mLDHs/mSFC on the properties also studied by the cone calorimeter test, the oxygen index test and the mechanical property test. The synergistic flame retardant effect of coal and LDHs were finally illustrated. It was found that the flame retardant and smoke suppression are more and more significant with the increase of LDHs/SFC content. When the LDHs/SFC content is 15 wt %, the LDHs/SFC have certain flame retardant and smoke suppression effect on EVA; and the flame retardant and smoke suppression effect of LDHs/SFC gradually decrease with the decrease of the mLDHs/mSFC. When LDHs/SFC dosage is about 15 wt%, EVA retardant composites shows the best combination properties. However the mechanical properties of EVA retardant composites decrease with the decrease of the mLDHs/mSFC. The synergistic flame retardant mechanism of the LDHs/SFC composites was preliminarily discussed on the base of the above result.