随着我国建筑业向信息化、智能化的转型，建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling）成为提升项目质量和管理效率的核心工具。虽然越来越多的施工项在积极探索BIM的全面、深度应用，然而，在施工阶段仍存在点式应用、片面应用，甚至为了应用而应用的现象，制约了其价值的发挥。鉴于此，建立体系化的BIM应用并对其成熟度进行评价，是当前亟待解决的问题。

本文以建筑工程项目施工阶段为研究对象，结合云模型与组合赋权法，构建BIM应用成熟度评价模型。研究首先通过文献分析与专家访谈，梳理建筑工程项目施工阶段BIM应用的影响因素，借鉴平衡计分卡原理从财务与成本效益、客户与交付价值、内部流程与效率、学习与创新能力四个维度初选43项指标，并利用灰色关联法筛选优化，并按照逻辑层级划分为目标层、战略层、战术层与操作层四个层次，形成包含4个一级维度、13项二级指标和38项三级指标的四级评价体系。其次，采用组合赋权法（主观AHP与客观CRITIC法结合）确定指标综合权重。基于云模型理论，将定性评价与定量计算结合，构建成熟度等级，划分五级标准（初始级、认知级、重用级、集成级、优化级），通过云数字特征与可视化云图实现评价结果的多维度表达。最后以陕西省某建筑工程C项目为案例，实证分析表明，C项目施工阶段BIM应用成熟度处于集成级，客户与交付价值层面应用最好，学习与创新能力层面有一些不足。研究提出针对性改进建议，如强化BIM团队技能培养、完善知识沉淀与标准化等。

本文的研究为BIM在施工阶段的应用提供了评价方法，有助于企业精准识别施工阶段BIM应用的薄弱环节，提升项目管理效能，推动建筑业的数字化转型。

With the transformation of China's construction industry towards informatization and intelligence, building information modeling has become a core tool for improving project quality and management efficiency. Although more and more construction projects are actively exploring the comprehensive and in-depth application of BIM, there are still phenomena of point based application, one-sided application, and even application for the sake of application in the construction stage, which restricts its value. Given this, establishing a systematic BIM application and evaluating its maturity is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.

This article takes the construction phase of construction projects as the research object, and combines cloud models and combination weighting methods to construct a BIM application maturity evaluation model. The study first conducted literature analysis and expert interviews to sort out the influencing factors of BIM application in the construction phase of building engineering projects. Drawing on the principle of balanced scorecard, 43 indicators were initially selected from four dimensions: financial and cost-effectiveness, customer and delivery value, internal processes and efficiency, and learning and innovation capabilities. Grey correlation method was used to screen and optimize, and the evaluation system was divided into four levels: target level, strategic level, tactical level, and operational level according to logical hierarchy, forming a four level evaluation system consisting of four first level dimensions, 13 second level indicators, and 38 third level indicators. Secondly, the composite weighting method (combining subjective AHP and objective CRITIC methods) is used to determine the comprehensive weights of the indicators. Based on cloud model theory, combining qualitative evaluation with quantitative calculation, a maturity level is constructed, divided into five levels of standards (initial level, cognitive level, reuse level, integration level, optimization level), and the evaluation results are expressed in multiple dimensions through cloud digital features and visual cloud maps. Finally, taking the C project of a construction project in Shaanxi Province as a case study, empirical analysis shows that the maturity of BIM application in the construction phase of the C project is at the integration level, with the best application in terms of customer and delivery value, but there are some shortcomings in terms of learning and innovation capabilities. Research proposes targeted improvement suggestions, such as strengthening BIM team skill development, improving knowledge accumulation and standardization, etc.

This study provides an evaluation method for the application of BIM in the construction phase, which helps enterprises accurately identify weak links in BIM application during the construction phase, improve project management efficiency, and promote the digital transformation of the construction industry.

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