摘 要 硅橡胶作为主要的高分子材料之一，拥有其他高分子材料不具备的优良特性。通常情况下，硅橡胶的极限氧指数（LOI）高于以碳元素为主链的高分子材料，在燃烧过程中产生的热量和烟量均较小。然而，硅橡胶遇明火仍有燃烧的可能，存在一定的火灾危险性。加之国家对高分子材料的火灾危险性要求日益提高，因此研究硅橡胶燃烧特性并探讨提高其阻燃性能的方法具有一定的现实意义。本文选用液体硅橡胶为基胶，采用脱氢发泡和室温催化交联的方法制备出脱氢型RTV-2泡沫材料，选取氢氧化铝（ATH）、氢氧化镁（MDH）、碳酸钙（CC）、滑石粉和空心玻璃微球（HGB）作为阻燃添加剂，通过机械共混的方法制备阻燃硅橡胶泡沫材料，并分别对铂催化剂和各无机添加剂对材料燃烧特性、阻燃性能和力学性能的影响进行研究。主要包括以下内容： 铂催化剂添加量对脱氢型RTV-2泡沫材料燃烧特性、阻燃性能、力学性能和固化时间的影响研究。结合TG-DTG测试和锥形量热测试和前人研究成果，谈论了铂催化剂影响材料热稳定性和阻燃性能的基本原理，并通过记录材料固化时间发现，铂催化剂大大加快了硅橡胶的交联反应速率，不利于样品制备，应适量添加使用。分别对无机添加剂ATH、MD、CC、滑石粉和HGB对脱氢型RTV-2泡沫材料燃烧特性、阻燃性能、力学性能的影响进行了研究。结合TG-DTG测试、锥形量热测试和有关学者的研究，比较并分析了ATH、MDH、CC、滑石粉和HGB阻燃效果和各自的阻燃机理，得到了其改善脱氢型RTV-2泡沫材料阻燃性能适当的添加比例。着重分析了ATH/CC复配添加剂和滑石粉/HGB复配添加剂对脱氢型RTV-2泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响，并探讨了复配添加剂两者之间的阻燃协同机理，分析其较优复配比例，其中含有1wt%HGB和30wt%滑石粉的样品的阻燃性能和力学性能的综合表现最佳。

Abstract Silicone rubber as one of the main polymer materials, has unique and excellent characteristics Generally,the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of silicone rubber is higher than that of a polymer material with a carbon backbone as the main chain.And It produces less heat and smoke during combustion.However, silicone rubber may still burn in the event of an open flame, and there is a certain risk of fire.In addition, because of the increasing demands of the state on the fire risk of macromolecule materials, it is of practical significance to study the combustion characteristics of silicone rubber and to explore ways to improve its flame retardant performance.This paper chooses liquid silicone rubber as the base glue, and dehydrogenation type RTV-2 foam material is prepared by dehydrogenation foaming and room-temperature catalytic cross-linking. Aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH), calcium carbonate (CC), talc, and hollow glass microspheres (HGB) were then selected as flame retardant additives. Finally, flame-retardant silicone rubber foams were prepared by mechanical blending method. The effects of platinum catalysts and various inorganic additives on the combustion characteristics, flame-retardant properties and mechanical properties of the materials were studied.This article mainly has the following research content. The effects of the addition of platinum catalysts on the combustion characteristics, flame retardant properties, mechanical properties and curing time of dehydrogenated RTV-2 foam materials were studied. Combined with TG-DTG testing, cone calorimetry and previous studies, it was found that platinum catalysts can affect the thermal stability and flame retardancy of materials. The platinum catalysts have greatly accelerated the cross-linking reaction rate of silicone rubber by recording the curing time of the material, which is not conducive to sample preparation, so it should be added in an appropriate amount. Then, the effects of inorganic additives ATH, MD, CC, talcum powder and HGB on the combustion characteristics, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of dehydrogenated RTV-2 foams were studied. In combination with TG - DTG test, cone calorimeter tests and studies of scholars, compare and analysis the ATH, MDH, CC, talcum powder and flame retardant mechanism of the respective HGB and flame retardant effect, the improved dehydrogenation type RTV-2 foam flame retardant performance appropriate proportion of added.The effects of the ATH/CC compound additives and talcum powder /HGB compound additives on the flame retardant properties of the dehydrogenated RTV-2 foam materials were analyzed, and the mechanism of the flame retardant synergistic mechanism between them was discussed. Then, it analyzed the optimal combination ratio of the samples, including 1wt%HGB and 30wt% talcum powder.