氯化石蜡（chlorinated paraffins, CPs）是一类持久性有机污染物，其会在生产和使用过程中释放到环境，环境中CPs可通过大气迁移和沉降进入土壤，导致土壤中CPs污染。工业生产和固体废物处理是CPs的主要来源，其可能会造成环境污染，但是目前关于工业区土壤中CPs的研究相对较少。因此，论文以国内造纸厂、金属熔炼厂以及固体废物处理厂三个典型工业区土壤（0~20 cm）作为研究对象，通过样品采集、室内实验以及数理分析等方法探究短链氯化石蜡（short chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs）和中链氯化石蜡（medium chain chlorinated paraffins, MCCPs）的污染特征及风险评价，其对我国CPs污染的精准防控与治理具有重要意义，得到以下主要结论：
     （1）基于全二维气相色谱-电子捕获负化学离子源-质谱仪器分析造纸、金属熔炼以及固体废物处理作业区土壤中SCCPs和MCCPs的浓度水平，具体为：①造纸厂土壤SCCPs浓度为42~3853 ng/g、MCCPs浓度为34~2091 ng/g；金属熔炼厂土壤SCCPs浓度为173~2146 ng/g、MCCPs浓度为205~3957 ng/g；固体废物处理厂土壤SCCPs浓度为73~3842 ng/g、MCCPs浓度为116~8819 ng/g；②造纸厂、金属熔炼厂及固体废物处理厂土壤SCCPs浓度依次比无明显污染源的地区（云南）高2~3倍、2~9倍、3~4倍，造纸厂、金属熔炼厂及固体废物处理厂土壤MCCPs浓度依次比无明显污染源的地区（云南）高4~19倍、26~36倍、15~81倍；③典型工业区土壤中SCCPs浓度由大到小依次为：造纸厂>固体废物处理厂>金属熔炼厂，典型工业区土壤中MCCPs浓度由大到小依次为：固体废物处理厂>金属熔炼厂>造纸厂。
    （2）基于全二维气相色谱-电子捕获负化学离子源-质谱仪器(GC×GC-ECNI-MS)探究造纸、金属熔炼以及固体废物处理作业区土壤中SCCPs和MCCPs的同类物组成，具体为：①造纸厂土壤SCCPs的主要同类物为C₁₀Cl_6-7，占比为35.6%，MCCPs的主要同类物为C_14-15Cl₅，占比为31.6%。主成分分析结果表明：造纸厂土壤中SCCPs及MCCPs可能主要来自于氯化石蜡52（CP 52: CP 52I、CP 52III）产品；②金属熔炼厂土壤SCCPs的主要同类物为C₁₀Cl_6-7，占比为27.0%，MCCPs的主要同类物为C_14-15Cl_7-8，占比为52.5%。主成分分析结果表明：金属熔炼厂土壤中SCCPs及MCCPs可能与氯化石蜡42（CP 42）、氯化石蜡52（CP 52: CP 52I、CP 52III）及氯化石蜡70（CP 70）产品均有关；③固体废物处理厂土壤SCCPs的主要同类物为C_10-11Cl_7-8，占比为30.0%，MCCPs的主要同类物为C_14-15Cl_7-8，占比为44.8%。主成分分析结果表明：固体废物处理厂土壤中SCCPs及MCCPs可能主要来自于氯化石蜡52（CP 52: CP 52I、CP 52II、CP 52III）产品。
     （3）基于熵值法(risk quotients, RQ)评估造纸、金属熔炼以及固体废物处理作业区土壤中SCCPs和MCCPs的生态风险，具体为：①造纸厂土壤SCCPs的RQ均值为0.12，处于中风险等级，MCCPs的RQ均值为0.02，处于低风险等级；②金属熔炼厂土壤SCCPs的RQ均值为0.10，处于中风险等级，MCCPs的RQ均值为0.03，处于低风险等级；③固体废物处理厂土壤SCCPs的RQ均值为0.10，处于中风险等级，MCCPs的RQ均值为0.05，处于低风险等级。
      （4）评估造纸、金属熔炼以及固体废物处理作业区人体健康风险，具体为：①造纸厂成人和儿童每日最高暴露值分别为8.81×10^-3、4.21×10^-2 μg/(kg·d)；②金属熔炼厂成人和儿童每日最高暴露值分别为9.05×10^-3、4.32×10^-2 μg/(kg·d)；③固体废物处理厂成人和儿童每日最高暴露值分别为1.88×10^-2、8.96×10^-2 μg/(kg·d)；④典型工业区成人和儿童每日暴露值均低于TDI [10 μg/(kg·d)]，说明典型工业区非饮食暴露导致的健康风险较低。

    Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants which can be released into the environment during the production and industrial use. CPs in the environment distribute into soil through atmospheric migration and sedimentation, resulting in the pollution of CPs in the soil. Industrial production and solid waste treatment are the main sources of CPs to the environment, which can cause environmental problems. However, few studies have investigated transport pathways of CPs released by industrial production and solid waste treatment in the industrial areas. In this study, we selected the soil samples(0~20 cm) as the research objects through sample collection, laboratory experiment and mathematical analysis to explore the levels, congener group profiles and risk assessments of short- chain and medium- chain chlorinated paraffins in industrial areas of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant. The main results obtained are as follows:
    (1) The levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil from industrial areas of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were analyzed by GC×GC-ECNI-MS as follows:①The levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of paper mill plant were 42~3853 ng/g and 34~2091 ng/g, respectively. The levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of metal smelting plant were 173~2146 ng/g and 205~3957 ng/g, respectively. The levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of soild waste treatment plant were 73~3842 ng/g and 116~8819 ng/g, respectively. ②The levels of SCCPs in soil of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were 2~3 times, 2~9 times, and 3~4 times higher than those in Yunnan, respectively. The levels of MCCPs in soil of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were 4~19 times, 26~36 times, and 15~81 times higher than those in Yunnan, respectively. ③The levels of SCCPs in each sampling area was distributed in the following order: paper mill plant > solid waste treatment plant > metal smelting plant. The levels of MCCPs in each sampling area was distributed in the following order: solid waste treatment plant > metal smelting plant > paper mill plant.
    (2) The congener group profiles of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil from industrial areas of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were analyzed by GC×GC-ECNI-MS as follows:①The C₁₀Cl_6-7 and C_14-15Cl₅ homolog groups were the dominant SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of paper mill plant, contributing 35.6% and 31.6%, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that CP 52(CP 52I, CP 52III) commercial products may be sources of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of paper mill plant. ②The C₁₀Cl_6-7 and C_14-15Cl_7-8 homolog groups were the dominant SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of metal smelting plant, contributing 27.0% and 52.5%, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that CP 42, CP 52 (CP 52I, CP 52III), CP 70 commercial products may be sources of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of metal smelting plant. ③The C_10-11Cl_7-8 and C_14-15Cl_7-8 homolog groups were the dominant SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of soild waste treatment plant, contributing 30.0% and 44.8%, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that CP 52(CP 52I, CP 52Ⅱ, CP 52III)commercial products may be sources of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil of soild waste treatment plant.
      (3) The ecological risks of SCCPs and MCCPs in soil from industrial areas of paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were assessed by the risk quotient as follows:①The average RQ values for SCCPs in soil of paper mill plant were 0.12, which were in the medium risk range. The average RQ values for MCCPs in soil of paper mill plant were 0.02, which were in the low risk range. ②The average RQ values for SCCPs in soil of metal smelting plant were 0.10, which were in the medium risk range. The average RQ values for MCCPs in soil of metal smelting plant were 0.03, which were in the low risk range. ③The average RQ values for SCCPs in soil of soild waste treatment plant were 0.10, which were in the medium risk range. The average RQ values for MCCPs in soil of soild waste treatment plant were 0.05, which were in the low risk range.
    (4) The health risks for human in the paper mill plant, metal smelting plant and soild waste treatment plant were assessed by appropriate models as follows:①The highest daily exposure values for adults and children in the paper mill plant were 8.81×10^-3 and 4.21×10^-2 μg/(kg·d), respectively.②The highest daily exposure values for adults and children in the metal smelting plant were 9.05×10^-3 and 4.32×10^-2 μg/(kg·d), respectively.③The highest daily exposure values for adults and children in the soild waste treatment plant were 1.88×10^-2 and 8.96×10^-2 μg/(kg·d), respectively; ④The human exposure values of children and adults were lower than tolerable daily intake (TDI, 10 pg/kg/day) given by Canadian Environmental Protection Act, suggesting that non-dietary exposure under typical industrial areas were low.

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