新型清洁能源的热潮席卷了整个能源市场，其中太阳能以其广袤的能源分布量、清洁的能源转换形式和安全性等优点逐步受到人们的广泛关注。由于光伏发电功率受光照强度、环境温度等因素影响，造成发电功率波动和间歇性，为保证大电网的持续稳定运行，本文针对光伏发电功率不稳定问题，加入蓄电池和超级电容的混合储能系统（Hybrid Energy Storage System, HESS），混合储能的功率分配和各储能元件的荷电状态（State of Charge, SOC）保护，对混合储能控制策略和平抑光伏功率波动进行了研究。

选取直流微电网作为光储微电网系统的研究平台，建立光伏发电系统双向DC/DC变换器（Bidirectional DC/DC Converter）、蓄电池和超级电容的理论模型，在双向DC/DC变换器中加入双闭环控制策略，蓄电池和超级电容的充放电控制仍通过双闭环控制策略进行，搭建仿真模型分析，分析各自的充放电特性。

针对储能系统的波动功率分配和储能元件的过充过放问题，选取二阶低通滤波法的方式设定各储能元件的功率分配策略，加入对储能元件的实时荷电状态SOC反馈环节，代入反馈系数对储能元件的荷电状态进行合理管控；另一方面，多变的外界因素，使得传统固定的比例积分（Proportional Integral，PI）控制器参数早已不适用于当下的发电环境，影响储能系统的平抑功率波动效果，采用了改进的加入Tent映射的灰狼算法（Grey Wolf Optimization, GWO）来实时优化控制器参数，提升对光伏功率波动的平抑效果。搭建混合储能系统的经济成本和储能元件的各项参数模型，设定约束条件，通过智能算法求解目标参数最优解，得到整体储能系统的容量配置和年均综合成本。

在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建整体光伏混合储能直流微电网的仿真模型，加入上述改进控制策略，与传统控制方式进行对比分析，最终实现储能系统功率的合理分配、储能元件SOC管理和平抑光伏发电功率波动。

结合已有实验条件，针对本文提出的混合储能系统的硬件和软件进行设计，搭建出混合储能系统的实验平台，最终得到本文提出的控制策略可以有效平抑光伏功率波动，延长蓄电池的实际使用寿命，能够实现稳定直流母线电压，提升系统稳定性的目的，验证本文提出的控制策略具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。

The upsurge of new clean energy has swept the throughout energy market, among which solar energy has gradually attracted widespread attention for its vast energy distribution, clean energy conversion form and security. Since the photovoltaic power generation is affected by factors such as light intensity and ambient temperature, generating power fluctuation and intermittency. In order to ensure the continuous and stable operation of large power grid, this thesis aims at the problem of photovoltaic power instability, adding a hybrid energy storage system of storage battery and supercapacitor, power distribution of hybrid energy storage and the charge state protection of each energy storage component, and researches on the control strategy of hybrid energy storage and the suppression of photovoltaic power fluctuation.

DC microgrid is selected as the research platform of optical storage microgrid system, and theoretical models of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, battery and supercapacitor of photovoltaic power generation system were established. Double closed-loop control strategy was added to the bidirectional DC/DC converter. The charge and discharge control of battery and supercapacitor was still carried out through the double closed-loop control strategy, and a simulation model was built to analyze the charge-discharge characteristics of each.

In view of the fluctuating power distribution of energy storage system and overcharge and the overdischarge of the energy storage elements, the second-order low-pass filtering method was selected to set the power distribution strategy of each energy storage element, and the real-time SOC feedback link of energy storage elements was added, and the feedback coefficient was substituted to reasonably control the SOC of energy storage elements. On the other hand, the variable external factors make the traditional fixed Proportional Integral (PI) controller parameters no longer suitable for the power current generation environment, which affects the suppressing effect of energy storage system. Therefore, an improved Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with Tent mapping was adopted to optimize the controller parameters in real time, enhancing the suppressing effect of photovoltaic power fluctuation.The parameter models of hybrid energy storage systems of the economic cost and the energy storage elements were built, the constraint conditions were set, the optimal solution of the target parameters was solved through intelligent algorithms, obtain the capacity configuration and annual average comprehensive cost of the overall energy storage system.

The simulation model of the overall photovoltaic hybrid energy storage DC microgrid was built on the Matlab/Simulink, platform and incorporated the improved control strategy mentioned above to compare with the traditional control methods and analyzed. Finally, realized reasonable power allocation of the energy storage system, SOC  management of energy storage elements and suppressing power fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation.

Combined with the existing experimental conditions, the hardware and software of the hybrid energy storage system proposed in this thesis are designed, and the experimental platform of the hybrid energy storage system is built. Finally, the control strategy proposed in this thesis can effectively suppress photovoltaic power fluctuations, extend the actual service life of the battery, stabilize the DC bus voltage, and improve the stability of the system. It is proved that the control strategy proposed in this thesis has certain theoretical value and practical significance.