近些年来，胶带火灾事故发生起数一直居高不下，既严重威胁着矿工生命安全也给企业带来了巨大财产损失。由于胶带火灾具有突发性强、发展迅猛和往往造成群死群伤等特点，一直以来成为学者和专家们研究的热点。胶带巷一旦发生火灾引燃胶带，会产生高温毒害性气体，高温烟气在巷道内蔓延会造成能见度低影响井下逃生人员疏散。为更好的保护井下人员生命和财产安全，本文需要对矿井胶带燃烧以及灾后烟气蔓延情况进行研究，根据巷道烟气蔓延情况结合疏散逃生临界值判断出巷道可通行性，再应用Dijkstra 算法规划出最优避灾路线为疏散逃生节省时间，本文的主要研究内容如下： 针对胶带材料燃烧情况复杂及火灾危险性大，采用理论分析和实验相结合的方法对矿井胶带燃烧理论、热解和燃烧特性进行研究。收集矿井常用的 PVC 胶带样品并制定实验方案，应用热重-红外分析仪研究热解过程中胶带质量损失情况和逸出气体的特征温度，应用锥形量热仪测出全程平均热释放速率为 237kW/m2 并对胶带燃烧造成的火灾危险性进行研究，为后文模拟实验火源参数设置和疏散逃生指标选取提供数据支持。针对井下灾变条件下巷道内通行环境复杂，模拟不同风速和火源规模下胶带火灾烟气蔓延规律并对烟气数据进行分析，研究出不同工况下胶带火灾巷道内烟气、温度和能见度等因素对疏散逃生的影响。对比灾变条件下有害烟气浓度值与疏散逃生指标临界值，判断巷道逃生环境，为疏散路径选取提供重要的应用价值。以陕北金鸡滩煤矿胶带运输大巷某处发生胶带火灾为例进行应用，基于灾后人员逃生的紧急性和巷道环境危险性选取适当的路径规划算法并改进，确定出影响疏散逃生的巷道当量长度影响因子。根据 FDS 软件模拟结果判断灾后巷道的可通行性，在此基础上根据巷道当量长度和最优路径算法模型规划出最优避灾路径，可在最短时间内找到通往安全出口的最佳路径，对于人员紧急避险和安全疏散具有重要指导意义。

In recent years, the number of tape fire accidents has remained high, which not only seriously threatens the lives of miners but also brings huge losses to enterprises. Due to its strong suddenness, rapid development and often causing mass deaths and injuries, tape fires have always become a hot spot for scholars and experts. Once a fire ignites the tape in Tape Alley, it will produce a high-temperature smoke stream and toxic and harmful gases, and the spread of high-temperature smoke in the roadway will cause visibility and affect the evacuation of underground escapees. In order to better protect the safety of underground personnel life and property, this paper needs to study the combustion of mine tape and the spread of smoke after the disaster, according to the roadway smoke spread to judge the roadway passability, the Dijestra algorithm is used to plan the optimal disaster avoidance path for evacuation and escape, the main research content of this paper is as follows: In view of the complex combustion situation and high fire risk of tape materials, the theory of mine tape combustion, pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of mine tape are studied by combining theoretical analysis and experiment. The samples of PVC tape commonly used in coal mines were collected, an experimental scheme was formulated, the mass loss of tape and the characteristic temperature of the escaping gas in different pyrolysis stages were studied by thermogravimetric infrared analyzer, the average heat release rate of the whole process was measured by cone calorimeter to be 237kW/m2 , and the fire risk of tape combustion was studied, which provided data support for the setting of fire source parameters and the selection of evacuation escape indicators in the simulation below. Aiming at the complex traffic environment in the roadway under the conditions of underground catastrophe, the spread law of tape fire smoke under different wind speeds and fire source scales was simulated, and the flue gas data were analyzed, and the influence of flue gas, temperature and visibility in the tape fire roadway under different working conditions on evacuation escape was studied. compared with the value of smoke index and the critical value of evacuation escape index under catastrophic conditions, the influence of roadway escape environment on escape path selection is judged, which provides important application value for evacuation route selection. Based on the urgency of personnel escape after disaster and the environmental danger of roadway, the escape path model of personnel was established, the influence factor of roadway equivalent length affecting evacuation escape was determined, and the Dijestra algorithm was applied to take Jinjitan coal mine tape transportation alley as an example. According to the simulation results of FDS software, the roadway passability is judged, and on this basis, the optimal disaster avoidance path is planned according to the equivalent length and the optimal path calculation model, and the best route to the safety exit is found in the shortest time, which has important guiding significance for personnel emergency avoidance and safe evacuation.

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