我国煤炭开采及储运过程中，露天堆放的煤炭时常发生自燃。煤堆自燃危害煤炭储运设备安全、浪费资源、污染环境，严重的还会引发事故，造成人员伤亡以及巨大的经济损失。而常规防灭火手段在治理煤堆或煤矸石山自燃实践中存在着诸多制约与局限。基于此，本文以热棒技术理论为基础，结合煤堆或矸石堆的燃特点，提出利用热棒技术预防煤堆自燃，以期为有效防治煤自燃找到一种新技术路径。 本文分析了煤堆的自然发火机理和煤堆自燃时内部温度场的分布形态，明确了煤堆自燃必须具备的条件和因素。对热棒的工作原理、分类、影响因素以及在煤堆中热周转过程的工作特性进行了分析。以传热学知识为基础，通过对模型简化、假设，分析热棒热阻网络、传热功率的数学表达式，推导了热棒在煤堆中的产冷量、传热影响范围和降温半径等评价、判断热棒热周转效果的量化标准。 在理论研究基础上，自行设计并搭建了煤自燃防灭火热棒性能测试实验系统，由装煤箱体系统、加热升温系统、温度检测与分析控制系统和热棒组模四部分组成，模拟简化条件下热棒对煤堆自然蓄热升温过程温度场分布的影响。得到： （1）确证了热棒的存在能明显的延缓煤堆温度的上升，降低煤堆内部温度，对抑制煤堆自燃具有一定的作用；实验条件下插入热棒时煤堆内最高降温依次为13.3℃、9.8℃、7.7℃、6.7℃、4.5℃、3.2℃、1.5℃和0.5℃，对应温度降幅依次为29%、23.9%、24.7%、19.4%、16%、13.5%、8.9%和3.87%； （2）建立了热棒在煤堆中的降温半径R与温差值 和时间h的函数关系模型：1181.25R2(2lnR+6.71)+0.53=ΔTt，并求出了加热温度为100℃、150℃和200℃时热棒在煤堆中的降温半径与温差和时间的三条曲线； （3）对热棒移热降温过程热阻网络进行简化求解，计算了初始加热温度为100℃时，热棒产冷量Qhp约为1.65MJ，评价热棒对煤堆的蓄冷降温能力，展示了热棒在煤自燃防控方面应用的巨大潜力。 本文的研究可为热棒在煤自燃防灭火方面的后期研究及推广应用提供借鉴。

The problem of coal spontaneous combustion is one of the particularly threat in the process of coal mining in china. The storage of coal piles on the open ground are frequently taking spontaneous combustion as well as the coal yards in power plants/docks/loading stations during its storage and transportation. It endangers to the safety of storage and transportation equipment, wastes coal resources and pollutes the local environments. The most serious is that the coal spontaneous combustion may cause other serious accidents. Conventional measures for fire prevention exists many constraints and limitations in practice. Based on the Heat Transfer Theory and Heat Pipe Technique, a new and thinkable method is proposed for prevention the coal spontaneous combustion combined with the analysis of the characteristics of the burning coals piles. Based on the previous studies, the distribution patterns of the internal temperature field and the mechanism of spontaneous combustion in coal pile was analyzed to clarify the conditions and factors prompted the combustion. Meanwhile, the working principle of the gravity heat pipes(GHP/HP), classification of HP, factors and thermal conduction process was analyzed. And the mathematical expressions, which can quantitatively assess the cooling capacity and cooling radius sphere of HP in coal pile, were established in this paper through a simplified and assumptive model. On the basis of theoretical research, a test platform, which used to get the temperature field distribution of natural regenerative heating process in the simplified simulation conditions, was designed. The test platform system consists of four parts, including Coal Loading Box Systems, Heating System, Temperature detection and Control Systems. Study shows: (1) The study confirmed this conclusion that the presence of HP can significantly slow the temperature rising in coal piles, and can effectively reduce the internal temperature of the coals. It can play a certain role in the process to suppress spontaneous combustion in coal pile by destroy the heat preservation conditions of the coal; Under the experimental conditions, When HP was installed in the coal inserting hot rods within a maximum cooling coals were,a maximum temperature amplitude of the coal pile droped around 13.3℃, 9.8℃, 7.7℃, 6.7℃, 4.5℃, 3.2℃, 1.5℃ and 0.5℃, correspondingly, a temperature of the order of 29% decline, 23.9 %, 24.7%, 19.4%, 16%, 13.5%, 8.9% and 3.87%; (2) Establishing a cool radius model of heat pipe in coal is: 1181.25R2(2lnR+6.71)+0.53=ΔTt, Fit the three curves of cooling radius with the temperature differences and the time under the different conditions of heating temperature(100℃, 150℃ and 200℃); (3) The cooling storage capacity of HP was calculated about 1.65MJ at the initial heating temperature of 100 ℃. The thought in this paper may provide a new way for and promotion for the HPs in use of spontaneous combustion prevention in coal.