随着我国城镇化的快速发展，城市建筑用地与绿化用地矛盾日益突出，发展建筑立体绿化已经迫在眉睫。建筑立体绿化具有占地少、面积大、效果快的优势。建筑立体绿化的研究对解决我国城市局部土地匮乏，改善城市生态环境具有重大的现实意义。 本文从建筑立体绿化中屋面绿化和垂直绿化两个方面入手，通过收集、查阅、整理和分析相关资料，对建筑立体绿化体系进行了系统的分析，提出了轻型、中型、重型三种屋面绿化类型，并对三种屋面绿化常用的构造做法进行了分析，发现还可进一步改进，提出了具体构造优化措施。为了掌握构造层对屋面节能性能的影响，进行了热工参数计算，发现保温层和基质层对屋面绿化节能起着决定性作用。本文还计算了保温层和基质层厚度的变化对屋面节能性能的影响，提出了保温层和基质层的厚度选择方案。 为了进一步研究建筑立体绿化是否对结构的安全性产生影响，本文进行了轻型、中型和重型三种屋面绿化荷载计算，发现与普通上人屋面荷载相比，轻型屋面绿化荷载增大11%，中型屋面绿化荷载增大38%，重型屋面绿化荷载增大83%。本文结合砖混结构、框架结构、框剪结构实例参数，估算了三种屋面绿化荷载和模块式、布袋式两种垂直绿化荷载对建筑结构内力的影响。结果表明：轻型、中型和重型三种屋面绿化与普通上人屋面相比，屋面梁板弯矩最大分别增加约10%、39%和83%，模块式、布袋式两种垂直绿化使其下部墙柱底轴力最大增加约8.15%和4.34%，说明中型、重型屋面绿化和模块式垂直绿化对建筑结构内力影响较大，而轻型屋面绿化和布袋式垂直绿化影响相对较小，可进一步推广应用。对该研究结论，本课题结合某停车库工程实例，运用PKPM有限元软件，建模计算了三种屋面绿化荷载对建筑结构的影响，发现与估算结果基本相符，并提出了承载力范围内绿化荷载范围理论模型。 综上所述：立体绿化对建筑结构的影响研究不仅可为我国立体绿化设计提供方案，还可为国内绿化企业研发相关技术提供理论支持，对我国生态城市建设起到推动作用。

With the rapid development of urbanization in our country, the conflicts of city construction land and green land have become increasingly prominent, and the development of tridimensional virescence construction is imminent. Tridimensional virescence building has the advantages of less area occupation, large green area, quick greening effect. The research of building the tridimensional virescence has great practical significance to relieve the lack of local land and to improve the urban ecological environment. From the view of the two aspects of tridimensional virescence, roof greening and vertical greening, systematic analysis of tridimensional virescence building system is carried out by collecting, consulting, sorting and analyzing related data, and the light, medium and heavy green roof types are proposed. By analyzing the construction practices of three kinds of roof greening, it’s found that the construction method can be further improved, and then the optimization measures of structure are put forward. In order to grasp the influence of the structure layer on the energy-saving performance of the roof, the thermal parameters are calculated and it’s found that the thermal insulation layer and the substrate layer of roof greening energy plays a decisive role. The influence of the change of thermal insulation layer and the substrate layer thickness on the energy-saving performance of the roof is analyzed, and the options of the thickness of insulation layer and the substrate layer are puts forward. In order to further study the influence of the construction of tridimensional virescence green on structure safety, the loads of light, medium and heavy roof greening are calculated, and it’s found that compared with ordinary accessible roof load, the greening load with light, medium-sized and heavy type green roof increases by 11%, 38% and 83% respectively. Combined with the instance parameters of masonry structure, frame structure and frame-shear structure, the effects of three kinds of roof greening load and modular, bag type vertical greening loads on structural internal force are estimated. The results show that compared with ordinary accessible roof, the roof beam and plate bending moments of the light, medium and heavy roof green increase by about 10%, 39% and 83% respectively, modular and bag type of vertical greening cause the bottom column and wall axial force increase about 8.15% and 4.34% respectively, which show that the medium and heavy roof greening and modular vertical greening have great influence on the internal force of the building structure, while the influence of the light roof greening and the bag type vertical greening on the internal force is relatively small, which can be further applied. Based on the above research conclusion, combined with the practice project of the construction of a parking garage, by using finite element software PKPM, the models of the three kinds of roof greening are established and the effect of three kinds of roof greening load on the building structure are analyzed, the results are basically consistent with the estimation, and the theory model of bearing capacity load ranging within the greening scope are put forward. In conclusion, the study on the influence of tridimensional virescence on the structures not only can provide solutions for tridimensional virescence design, but also provide theoretical support for the development of related technology of domestic green enterprises, as well as promote the construction of ecological city in our country.