煤火已经成为当前全球所面临的巨大灾难之一。其治理主要采取“降温-阻化-惰化”的常规措施抑制煤燃烧，如注水，灌浆和其他灭火材料。本文从理论分析和实验研究对热棒在煤火中的移热效果以及半导体温差电技术转化效率进行研究和分析，在治理煤火灾害的同时实现煤火热能的利用，提供一定的经济效益。为煤火的防治以及发展高效、清洁的能源利用提供理论基础。 设计煤火热能提取系统，并采用纳米流体工质，基液为水，分别配比5%、10%、15%和20%的纳米CuO工质，0%纳米CuO作为对照组，使用热电偶监测24 h内的煤堆温度变化规律，分析不同浓度工质的热棒在100 °C、200 °C和300 °C左右的热源强度下的移热效果和关键参数。发现对应于热源温度100 °C、200 °C和300 °C左右，热棒移热效果最佳工质占比分别是5%、5%和10%。此外，在此最佳工质占比下，煤堆最大温差分别为30.4 °C、104.9 °C和165.8 °C，热棒最大降温率分别为26.93%、47.65%和56.42%，最大有效影响半径分别是0.336 m、0.407 m和0.4565 m。其冷凝段温度随时间的增长先增大后减小，且向着冷端逐渐减小。 最后，对应于热源温度100 °C、200 °C和300 °C左右，分别优选含5%、5%和10%纳米CuO工质热棒，与半导体温差发电装置紧凑相连组成温差发电系统，研究不同散热形式下的温差发电系统热端和冷端温度特性以及其开路电压，并进而研究其输出功率和转化效率。发现在空气强制对流下温差发电系统热端和冷端温度以及开路电压较为稳定平稳。在空气强制对流下，随着电流的逐渐增加，负载电压呈现出一次线型递增，且温差发电系统的输出功率呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势，此外，对应于热源温度100 °C、200 °C和300 °C的温差发电系统的最大输出功率分别是0.1432 W、1.908 W和3.136 W。实现热能的有效利用。

Coal fire has been one of the great disasters facing the world at present. The government of coal fire mainly adopts the conventional methods of “cooling-resisting-inerting” to control the coal combustion, such as water injection, grouting, and other extinguishment materials. The extraction of thermal energy for thermal probe and transfer efficiency of semiconductor thermoelectric generation technology are investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental research, the thermal energy from coal fire is utilized while controling coal fire, which can provide certain economic benefits. Those can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of coal fires and the development of efficient and clean energy utilization. Extraction system of thermal energy from coal fire was built, and nanofluids was selected as working liquid and water as base liquids. Different Concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of Nano-CuO Working Fluids are mixed, with the 0% nano-CuO as control group. The thermocouple was used to monitor the temperature variation of coal within 24 hours, and heat transfer capabilities and key parameters of different Concentrations for thermal probe were investigated in different heating source intensity for 100, 200, and 300 °C. We could find that the best working ratio of heat transfer performance for thermal probe is 5%, 5% and 10% corresponding to the heating source temperature of 100, 200 and 300 °C respectively. Furthermore, based on its best working ratio, maximum temperature difference of coal pile were 30.4, 104.9, and 165.8 °C, maximum cooling rate of thermal probe were 26.93%, 47.65%, and 56.42%, and maximum effective cooling radius of thermal probe were 0.336, 0.407, and 0.4565 m respectively. With the increase of time, temperature of condensation section for thermal probe increased rapidly in a short time and then decreased slowly, and it gradually decreased towards the cold section. Finally, the working fluids of thermal probe with 5%, 5%, and 10% nano-CuO were selected corresponding to the heating source temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 °C, respectively. The thermal probe and semiconductor thermoelectric device were tightly connected to form thermoelectric power generation system, the temperature characteristics and open-circuit voltage of thermoelectric power generation system under different heat dissipation modes was investigated, and the output power and conversion efficiency were explored. We found that the temperature of hot and cold end for thermoelectric power generation system and the open-circuit voltage were steady under the forced convection of air. Under the forced convection of air, when the current increases gradually, the load voltage increases linearly, and output power of thermoelectric power generation system presented the tendency of firstly increasing and secondly decreasing. Furthermore, maximum output powers of thermoelectric power generation system were 0.143, 1.908, and 3.136 W corresponding to the heating source temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 °C, respectively, which can realize the effective utilization of thermal energy.