火灾发展过程中产生的烟气是造成人员伤亡的主要原因，火灾后的调查作为维护社会稳定和安全的重要手段，其重要性不言而喻。狭长空间是建筑中的最常见的空间形式之一，通过实验和数值重构的方法研究烟熏痕迹在狭长空间内的发展规律，进行定量分析，对火灾事故调查工作具有重要的现实意义。本论文开展了缩小尺寸和全尺寸烟熏痕迹实验研究，基于烟气沉积理论，进行了火灾烟熏痕迹的数值重构，具体研究工作包括：

搭建了缩小尺寸实验台，其实验台长3.5 m，宽0.5 m，高0.4 m。建立了两种实验环境：非密闭空间与半密闭空间。在实验台开展大量狭长空间烟气流动特性及壁面烟熏痕迹特性实验，通过改变单一变量研究不同因素对壁面烟熏痕迹的影响，包括实验的油盘尺寸、灭火时间、火源与壁面的间距、火源数量以及火源间距。定量分析了阈值与壁面烟熏痕迹的关系，以及不同工况下壁面烟熏痕迹的面积和周长变化规律。结果表明：烟熏痕迹主要呈现出“V”形痕迹与“U”形痕迹，在油量一定时，分别随油盘尺寸的增加、灭火时间的减少、火源与壁面间距的增加，壁面烟熏痕迹颜色变浅且痕迹最低点上升；在非密闭空间内，火源向于封闭侧倾斜且封闭侧的烟熏痕迹颜色远深于开放侧；阈值的选取在一定程度上会影响壁面烟熏痕迹的面积和周长。

随后，运用十六烷代替柴油模拟了缩小尺寸实验台中不同工况下的烟气流动特性，针对十六烷燃烧后产生的烟气量与CO₂量设置复杂化学反应式，重构石膏板壁面的烟熏痕迹，并与实验结果对比验证了重构的有效性。结果表明：壁面烟熏痕迹能较好模拟出烟熏痕迹的颜色、形状及倾斜情况等特征，但烟气的水跃现象未能较好呈现。总体来说，壁面烟熏痕迹的重现精度较高，对第五章的全尺寸火灾试验重构奠定了基础。

针对某住宅狭长走道烟熏痕迹，根据木材燃烧后产生的烟气量与CO₂量设置复杂化学反应式，通过数值模拟重构确定着火点的位置，并分析烟气在该狭长空间的运动规律。根据试验现场的勘察和现场照片，将试验结果与模拟结果对比，进一步证明烟熏痕迹数值重构的可靠性和在火灾调查工作中重要作用。

The smoke produced in the course of fire development process is the main cause of casualties. Fire investigation as an important means to maintain social stability and safety. Its importance is self-evident. Long and narrow spaces are one of the most common forms of space in architecture. It is of great practical significance to study the development of smoke pattern in long and narrow space by experiment and numerical reconstruction, and to make quantitative analysis. In this paper, experiments on smoke pattern of reduced size and full size were carried out. Based on the theory of smoke deposition, the numerical reconstruction of fire smoke pattern is carried out. The specific research work shall include:

A reduced-scale experimental bench was built, with a length of 3.5 m, a width of 0.5 m, and a height of 0.4 m. Two experimental environments were established: non-closed space and semi-closed space. A lot of experiments on the characteristics of smoke flow in long and narrow space and the characteristics of smoke traces on the wall were carried out. Effects of different factors on wall smoke pattern were studied by changing a single variable. Including the size of the oil pan, fire extinguishing time, the distance between the fire source and the wall, the number of fire sources and the distance between fire sources. The relationship between the grey-level threshold and the smoke patterns on the wall, as well as the variation law of the area and perimeter of the smoke patterns on the wall under different working conditions are analyzed. The results show that: Smoke patterns mainly show "V" shape pattern and "U" shape pattern. When the amount of oil is constant, the color of smoke patterns on the wall becomes lighter and the lowest pattern point increases with the increase of the oil pan size, the decrease of fire suppression time and the increase of the distance between fire source and wall. In a non-closed space, the fire source leans toward the closed side and the smoke pattern on the closed side are much deeper than on the open side. The selection of grey-level threshold will affect the area and perimeter of fumigation trace to some extent.

Subsequently, C₁₆H₃₄ was used instead of diesel oil to simulate the smoke flow characteristics under different operating conditions. The complex chemical reaction formula is set up for the amount of smoke and CO₂. The smoke pattern on gypsum board were reconstructed, and the results were compared with the experimental ones. The results show that: the color, shape and inclination of the smoke patterns can be simulated by the smoke patterns on the wall. But the phenomenon of smoke hydraulic jump is not well presented. In general, the reproducibility of smoke patterns on the wall is accurate. It lays a foundation for the reconstruction of the full-scale fire test in Chapter 5.

A complex chemical reaction formula is set up according to the amount of smoke and CO₂ produced by burning wood in a narrow corridor of a residential building. The position of the ignition point was determined by numerical simulation, and the movement law of smoke in the long and narrow space was analyzed. According to the investigation and photos of the test site, the test results are compared with the simulation results. It is further proved that the reconstruction of smoke pattern is reliable and plays an important role in fire investigation.

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