煤柱的稳定性控制对于保障煤炭资源的安全开采至关重要。针对缓倾斜多煤层回采层间坚硬岩层破断释能易导致下部区段煤柱结构劣化的关键问题，系统研究多重采掘扰动下倾斜区段煤柱失稳致灾机理及控制方法，对现场安全开采具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。论文以新疆宽沟煤矿为工程背景，通过理论分析、力学实验、相似模拟、数值计算和现场应用等方法，分析循环加卸载扰动下煤岩与组合体裂纹发育模式及损伤演化过程，掌握缓倾斜多煤层回采层间坚硬岩层破断运移规律，揭示非对称载荷影响下倾斜区段煤柱失稳致灾机理，提出并应用重点灾变区域联合防控措施，为缓倾斜多煤层矿井安全开采提供了理论基础和实践支撑。主要研究成果如下：

(1)掌握了多次回采扰动下缓倾斜煤岩结构损伤演化过程的峰值能量降低规律。通过循环加卸载声-力特征实验获取了煤岩与组合体强度劣化及声发射(AE)信号多参量演化特征，分析了煤岩强度及AE峰值能量随加载速率的增大而增加、随循环加卸载次数与卸载应力的增大而降低的演化过程，发现煤-岩组合体结构强度下限由煤体元件决定，由此得出组合体试样受压集聚的弹性能会集中于煤体部位释放的破坏规律。这为理论分析的定量研究提供了数据支撑。

(2)厘清了层间坚硬岩层破断释能和倒梯形覆岩结构静载作用是煤柱结构劣化的关键致灾诱因。构建了缓倾斜多煤层回采覆岩结构与煤柱稳定性“声-光-热-震”多元监测物理相似模拟实验平台，研究了多煤层回采扰动下覆岩时空运移规律与煤柱受载失稳特征，对比现场与相似模拟实验微震监测曲线的共性特征，预测出越临近上部采空区微震大能量事件频率及烈度越大的动压灾害显现规律，并结合相似三定理给出312.5 J的微震能量实验监测指标。这为力学模型的建立与防控治灾效果的评价提供了依据。

(3)揭示了缓倾斜多煤层回采层间坚硬岩层破断与区段煤柱失稳致灾机理。通过系统分析此类条件下倾斜区段煤柱结构失稳的致灾因素，建立了残留煤柱覆载作用下层间坚硬岩层悬臂结构力学模型，得出了层间坚硬岩层临界破断的挠曲线方程与弹性能释放量表达式，确定了层间岩层破断致灾总能量、上覆载荷大小及悬臂结构强度间的函数关系。基于倒梯形覆岩影响下倾斜区段煤柱弹性阻隔区本构模型，结合弹性力学半逆解法与摩尔-库伦准则，形成了煤柱非对称受载失稳本构关系与临界尺寸公式，得出煤柱临界尺寸与煤层倾角呈正相关关系，为后期数值模型构建及方案的确定提供了理论基础。

(4)完成了多重因素影响下覆岩与煤柱应力、位移及能量场演化特征三维数值计算。对比分析了上部煤层采空区影响前后倾斜区段煤柱垂直应力分布特征与弹-塑性区演化过程，探究了多煤层采掘扰动下煤柱上覆岩层运动轨迹及位移场分布特征，掌握了此类条件下煤柱受载结构形态，由此对比不同倾角及尺寸影响下煤柱应力-能量场展布特征，最终获取了倾斜区段煤柱最底端位置更易失稳破坏的致灾规律，为煤柱失稳防控措施的提出提供科学依据。

(5)提出了层间坚硬岩层弱化切顶、煤柱及围岩补强支护优化与煤柱裂隙区注浆加固的联合防控措施，完成了工程应用并进行效果评价。基于“强韧结合、柔性让压、重点突出及整体护巷”的联合支护思路，制定注水弱化与切顶爆破、局部破碎区补强支护及煤柱裂隙区高压注入聚亚胺胶脂的联合防治方法。经多元监测手段探查评估，得出煤柱及围岩失稳范围明显降低，有效保障了现场的安全生产。

本研究为类似矿井煤炭资源的安全开采与煤柱稳定性控制提供了良好的实用价值和科学借鉴。

Stability control of coal pillars is crucial for guaranteeing the safe exploitation of coal resources. To address the key issue of interlayer hard rock stratum fracture in gently inclined multi-coal seams mining, which are prone to releasing energy, leading to the structural degradation of lower coal pillar sections, a systematic study on the disaster-causing mechanism of instability and control methods of inclined section coal pillars under multiple mining disturbances has significant scientific and practical value for guaranteeing on-site safety. This paper, based on the engineering background of the Kuangou Coal Mine in Xinjiang, analyzed the crack development patterns and damage evolution processes of coal, rock and combination under cyclic loading and unloading disturbances by a combination of theoretical analysis, mechanical experiments, similar simulations, numerical calculations, and field applications. The study reveals the movement patterns of interlayer hard rock stratum fracture in gently inclined multi-coal seams mining and identifies the disaster-causing mechanism of instability of inclined section coal pillars under asymmetric loading. It proposes and applies integrated prevention and control measures, providing a theoretical foundation and practical support for the safe exploitation of gently inclined multi-coal seam mines. The main research findings are listed as below:

(1)The peak energy reduction law of the damage evolution process of gently inclined coal-rock structures under multiple mining disturbances was analyzed. Through cyclic loading and unloading acoustic-mechanical characteristic experiments, the strength degradation of coal, rock and combination and the evolution characteristics of acoustic emission(AE) signal multi-parameters were obtained. It was concluded that the coal-rock strength and AE peak energy increased with the increase in loading rate but decreased with the increase in the number of cyclic loading and unloading times and the unloading stress. It was discovered that the lower limit of the structural strength of the coal-rock combination is determined by the coal mass components, coming to the failure law that the elastic energy accumulated under compressive stress in the combination as a whole will be released at the coal mass location. This provides data support for the quantitative research of theoretical analysis.

(2)It was clarified that the interlayer hard rock stratum fracture and the action of inverted trapezoidal overburden load are the main disaster-causing factors affecting coal pillar stability. An "acoustic-optical-thermal-seismic" multi-dimensional monitoring physical similarity simulation experimental platform for the overburden structure and coal pillar stability in gently inclined multi-coal seams mining was built. The temporal and spatial movement patterns of overburden under multi-coal seams mining disturbances and the instability characteristics of coal pillars under load were studied. Comparing the common characteristics of microseismic monitoring curves between the field and similar simulation experiments, it was predicted that the closer to the open cutting of the upper mined-out area, the greater the frequency and intensity of microseismic high-energy events, revealing the law of dynamic pressure disaster manifestation. Combined with the three similar theorems, an experimental monitoring index of 312.5 J microseismic energy was given as well. This provides a basis for establishing a mechanical model and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control measures for disaster relief.

(3)The disaster-causing mechanism of interlayer hard rock stratum fracture and section coal pillar instability in gently inclined multi-coal seams mining was revealed. Through systematic analysis of the disaster-causing factors of structural instability of inclined section coal pillars under such conditions, a mechanical model of the cantilever structure of interlayer hard rock stratum under the overburden load of residual coal pillars was built, and the deflection curve equation of the critical fracture of interlayer hard rock stratum and the expression of the elastic energy release amount were summarized, and the functional relationship between the total disaster energy of the interlayer hard rock stratum fracture, the size of the overlying overburden load, and the strength of the cantilever structure was determined; the constitutive relationship of asymmetric loading instability of coal pillars and the formula of critical size were formed based on the constitutive model of the elastic barrier zone of inclined section coal pillars under the action of inverted trapezoidal load and combined with the semi-inverse solution method of elastic mechanics and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion; it was concluded that the critical size of the coal pillar increases with the increase of the coal seam dip angle, providing a theoretical basis for determining the numerical calculation model and scheme in the later stage.

(4)The 3D numerical calculations of the stress, displacement, and energy field evolution characteristics of the overburden and coal pillar under the influence of multiple factors were completed. Comparative analysis of vertical stress distribution characteristics and the evolution process of the elastic-plastic zone of the inclined section coal pillars before and after the influence of the upper coal seam mined-out area was done; the movement trajectory and displacement field distribution characteristics of the overburden stratum of the coal pillar under the disturbances of multi-coal seams mining were explored; the structural form of the coal pillar under loading under such conditions was concluded; the stress-energy field distribution characteristics of the coal pillar under different dip angles and sizes were compared, and the disaster-causing law that the bottom end of the inclined section coal pillar is more prone to instability and failure was finally obtained. This provides a scientific basis for the proposal of measures to prevent and control coal pillar instability.

(5)A joint prevention and control measures of weakening the cutting roof of the interlayer hard rock stratum, reinforcing and optimizing the support of the coal pillar and surrounding rocks, and carrying out grouting reinforcement of the coal pillar fracture zone was proposed; the engineering application was completed with its effect evaluated. Besides, a joint prevention and control method of water injection weakening, cutting roof blasting, local broken area reinforcement support, and high-pressure injection of polyamine gum grease in the coal pillar fracture zone was worked out, based on the joint support idea of "strong and tough combination, flexible yielding, emphasis on key points, and overall protection of the roadway". Through exploration and evaluation by multi-dimensional monitoring methods, it was concluded that the instability range of the coal pillar and surrounding rocks was significantly reduced, effectively guaranteeing the safety of on-site mining.

This research offers good practical value and scientific reference for the safe exploitation of coal resources and the control of coal pillar stability in similar mines.