随着我国工业化进程的不断推进，工业设计的应用范围已广泛拓展至精密设备研发、交通工具制造及重型机械平台开发等多个行业，这对舱室工效学的研究也提出了更为深刻的要求。现阶段，舱室工效学在精密高端设备领域已经取得了十足的成就，然而其理论方法在基础性设备的应用上仍存在滞后性，这使得国有工程机械舱室设计实践参差不齐。在过去的数十年中，包括矿用挖掘机在内的重型机械装备，其工作性能已有显著跃升，然而在这一过程中，驾驶舱的人机工效设计作为改善人员工作效率进而优化机械作业性能的高性价比因素，却并未得到应有的重视。矿用挖掘机驾驶室作为操作人员支配机械完成工作任务的“大脑”，其工作区域与人机界面布局的优劣，将直接影响到机械的作业效率与驾驶员的舒适体验。如何兼顾舱室工效学理论与驾驶员的真实工作情景，建立起一套完整的矿用挖掘机驾驶室工效设计体系，实现复杂多目标下的驾驶室设计优化，是当下亟需解决的问题。主要的研究工作如下：

（1）从布局研究的角度出发，对工程机械驾驶室涉及到的布局问题及研究方法进行文献综述，明确布局优化对应解决途径的优缺点与侧重点，找出矿用挖掘机驾驶室空间布局与人机界面存在的问题，为后续有针对性地解决问题奠定基础。

（2）对矿用挖掘机的基本构成、矿用挖掘机驾驶室的设计要素（以空间布局与人机界面为主）及矿用挖掘机的设计流程进行调研与确定，构建一套较为完整的矿用挖掘机驾驶室工效设计方法与理论体系。

（3）构建起矿用挖掘机驾驶室空间布局的研究模型，对驾驶室内工作区域的定位及不同功能区域的综合布局进行考量。一方面，借鉴汽车人机工程学的人体模型理论，建立起人体尺寸数据、舒适关节角度、驾驶室工作视野、胯点等多约束条件下的工作区域布局方法；另一方面，结合工效学理论与室内设计准则，对驾驶室的空间利用率与人员动线进行分析，以此为基础运用系统布置设计中的关联图法来指导驾驶室各功能区域的综合布局。

（4）构建起将人体舒适因素定量化的矿用挖掘机操作界面优化的研究模型。将待布面板根据上肢作业姿势的不同进行区域划分，利用快速上肢评价法对已划分的区域进

行操作舒适度等级的赋值，同时对其视觉注意程度进行赋值。基于人类工效学设计标准，尤其是针对元件面板匹配的通用布局原则及工作人员的姿势舒适性原则，构建起操作界面布局优化的数学模型，并借助量子粒子群算法来进行求解，从而高效地生成满足要求的设计方案。

（5）以某型矿用挖掘机驾驶室为研究对象，对上述提出的布局优化策略进行实例验证。运用模糊数学评价法来检验所得布局方案的优劣。实践结果表明，运用该驾驶室空间布局和人机界面优化方法改进的设计方案，不仅充分契合驾驶员的实际操作习惯，同时也满足了复杂作业环境下驾驶人员不同的功能需求。此类布局优化方法具有一定的通用性，可推广应用于相关工程机械的驾驶舱设计中，以辅助设计团队提升产品效能。

With the continuous advancement of industrialization in our country, the application scope of industrial design has been widely expanded to multiple industries such as precision equipment research and development, transportation vehicle manufacturing, and heavy machinery platform development. This has also put forward more profound requirements for the study of cabin ergonomics. At present, cabin ergonomics has achieved great success in the field of precision high-end equipment. However, there is a lag in its theoretical methods in the application of basic equipment, which leads to uneven design practices in state-owned engineering machinery cabins. In the past few decades, the performance of heavy machinery and equipment, including mining excavators, has significantly improved. However, in this process of improvement, the human-machine efficiency design of the cockpit, as a high cost-effective factor to improve personnel work efficiency and optimize mechanical operation efficiency, has not received the attention it deserves. The cab of a mining excavator serves as the "brain" for operators to control large machinery to complete work tasks. The quality of its work area and human-machine interface layout will directly affect the operational efficiency of the machinery and the comfortable experience of the driver. How to balance the theory of cabin ergonomics with the real working scenario of mining excavators, establish a complete system of cabin ergonomics design for mining excavators, and achieve complex and multi-objective layout design of cabins is an urgent problem that needs to be solved at present. The main research work is as follows:

(1) Starting from the layout problem, this paper conducts a literature review on the current situation and research methods of layout problems related to the construction machinery cab, clarifies the solutions to layout optimization, as well as its advantages, disadvantages, and focuses, identifies the problems in the spatial layout and human-machine

interface optimization of mining excavator cabins, and lays a theoretical foundation for targeted problem-solving in the future.

(2) Conduct research and determination on the basic composition of mining excavators, the design elements of mining excavator cabins (mainly spatial layout and human-machine interface), and the design process of mining excavators, and construct a relatively complete set of ergonomic design methods and theoretical systems for mining excavator cabins.

(3) Construct a research model for the spatial layout of the mining excavator cab, achieving the positioning of the working area inside the mining excavator cab and considering the comprehensive layout of different functional areas. On the one hand, drawing on the human body model theory of automotive ergonomics, a work area layout method is established under multiple constraints such as human body size data, cab work field of view, comfortable joint angles, and hip points; On the other hand, combining ergonomics theory and interior design principles, the space utilization rate and personnel flow line of the cab are analyzed, and based on this, the correlation diagram method in system layout design is used to guide the comprehensive layout of various functional areas in the cab.

(4) Build a research model for optimizing the operation interface of mining excavators that quantifies human comfort factors. Divide the panel to be laid according to the different postures of the upper limbs, and use the fast upper limb evaluation method to assign the comfort level of the divided area for operation, while assigning a value to its visual attention level. A mathematical model for optimizing the layout of a control panel is constructed based on ergonomic design standards, especially the general layout principles for component panel matching and the principles of comfortable posture for workers. Utilize quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimization and efficient generation of layout schemes that meet requirements.

(5) Taking a typical mining excavator cockpit as the research object, the layout optimization strategy proposed above is verified through an example. The fuzzy mathematical evaluation method is used to test the superiority and inferiority of the layout scheme obtained. The practical results show that the improved design scheme using the cab space layout and human-machine interface optimization method not only fully fits the actual operating habits of the driver, but also meets the different functional requirements of the driver in the complex operating environment of mining excavators. This type of layout optimization method has a certain degree of popularity and can be promoted and applied to the internal design of relevant engineering machinery cabins to support design teams in improving product efficiency.

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