利用矿山固废制备充填材料，对采空区进行有规划的局部充填，构建地下石油储库，是一种地下储库构建的新方法，能实现矿山地下空间资源和矿山固废的双重利用，解决矿山固废处置和地下储库紧缺的难题。充填材料的力学性能及其在不同应力条件下的损伤特性，是影响储库安全稳定性的关键。因此，本文以构建石油储库的充填材料为研究目标，选择尾砂、废石颗粒为骨料，水泥为胶凝材料，开展不同配比废石尾砂胶结充填材料不同应力条件下的力学试验，利用声发射技术对细观损伤演化进行表征，结合微观结构分析，得到以下主要结论：

(1) 借助XRD分析了水化产物的构成，利用电镜扫描手段，可观察到无定形态C-S-H凝胶，针棒状AFt以及片状Ca(OH)₂等水化产物，利用二值化预处理软件获取了充填材料孔隙率特征。

(2) 充填材料力学强度与灰砂比呈正相关关系，随废石含量增加呈现先增大后减小现象，灰砂比1:4废石含量10%时，单轴抗压强度最高，为5.053 Mpa。充填材料弹性模量与灰砂比呈正相关关系，力学强度与弹性模量存在一定线性关系。

(3) 单轴压缩过程充填材料声发射特征可与应力应变曲线所划分的四个阶段相对应：其中，压密与弹性阶段，充填材料内主要是原生裂隙的压密和微裂隙的稳定发展，声发射活动平静，振铃计数与能率较小；屈服阶段裂隙逐渐萌生、发育扩展并相互贯通，声发射活动开始活跃，振铃计数与能率开始出现高值；破坏阶段充填材料内损伤严重，存在宏观滑移，声发射活动活跃，振铃计数与能率均处于高频高值状态。

(4) 恒下限循环加卸载下充填材料力学强度略小于等幅循环加卸载下充填材料力学强度，等幅循环加卸载的多次相同峰值应力作用对充填材料有一定的压密作用。

(5) 两种循环加卸载方式下声发射振铃计数均呈现“峰谷现象”，累计振铃计数呈阶梯式上涨；恒下限循环加卸载可利用Felicity判断其损伤程度，Felicity值随循环次数的增大不断降低，表明充填材料损伤程度不断增大；恒下限循环加卸载过程中损伤点分布展示了充填材料循环过程中损伤的生成与分布特征。

(6) 根据充填材料单轴压缩所得物理力学参数，根据损伤力学理论进行计算，获得本文所研究废石尾砂胶结充填材料的损伤参数，并建立了废石尾砂胶结充填材料损伤本构方程与损伤演化方程。

It is a new method to construct underground oil storage by using mine solid waste to prepare filling materials, filling the goaf in a planned way, which can realize the dual utilization of mine underground space resources and mine solid waste, and solve the problem of mine solid waste disposal and underground storage shortage. The mechanical properties of the filling material and its damage characteristics under different stress conditions are the key to the safety and stability of the storage. Therefore, this paper takes the construction of filling materials for oil storage as the research goal, selects tailings and waste rock particles as aggregates, and cement as cementitious materials to carry out mechanical tests under different stress conditions of different proportions of waste rock tailings cemented filling materials. Acoustic emission technology is used to characterize the meso-damage evolution. Combined with microstructure analysis, the following main conclusions are obtained:

(1) The composition of hydration products was analyzed by XRD. The amorphous C-S-H gel, needle-like AFt and flake Ca(OH)₂ were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The porosity characteristics of f backfill materials were obtained by binarization pretreatment software.

(2) The mechanical strength of backfill material is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio. With the increase of waste rock content, it increases first and then decreases. When the cement-sand ratio is 1:4 and the waste rock content is 10 %, the uniaxial compressive strength is up to 5.053 Mpa. The elastic modulus of the backfill material is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio, and there is a certain linear relationship between the mechanical strength and the elastic modulus.

(3) The acoustic emission characteristics of the backfill material during the uniaxial compression process can correspond to the four stages divided by the stress-strain curve: Among them, in the compaction and elastic stage, the compaction of the primary cracks and the stable development of the micro-cracks mainly occur in the backfill material. At this time, the acoustic emission activity is calm, the ringing count and the energy rate are small; in the yield stage, the cracks gradually developed and expanded and connected with each other, the acoustic emission activity began to be active, and the ringing count and energy rate began to appear high value. In the failure stage, the damage in the backfill material is serious, there is macroscopic slip, and the acoustic emission activity is active.

(4) The mechanical strength of the backfill material under constant lower limit cyclic loading and unloading is slightly smaller than that under constant amplitude cyclic loading and unloading. The multiple same peak stress effects of constant amplitude cyclic loading and unloading have a strong compaction effect on the backfill material.

(5) Under the two cyclic loading and unloading methods, the ringing count showed a ' peak-valley phenomenon ', and the cumulative acoustic emission ringing count showed a stepwise increase. The constant lower limit cyclic loading and unloading can be used to judge the damage degree by the ' Felicity ' effect. The Felicity value decreases with the increase of the number of cycles, indicating that the damage degree of the backfill material increases. The damage points during the constant lower limit cyclic loading and unloading process show the generation and distribution characteristics of damage during the backfill material cycle.

(6) According to the physical and mechanical parameters obtained by uniaxial compression of backfill materials, the damage parameters of waste rock tailings cemented backfill materials studied in this paper are obtained by using the theory of damage mechanics, and the damage constitutive equation and damage evolution equation of waste rock tailings cemented backfill materials are established.

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