进入21世纪以来，由于节能要求，建筑物密闭性增强，从而减少了进入室内的新风量。同时，有机合成材料在室内装饰及设备用具方面的广泛应用，致使挥发性有机化合物气体大量散发，严重影响了室内空气品质，出现了各种症状，统称为“病态建筑综合症”。世界上许多国家，例如：美国、日本等，对室内空气品质的问题相当重视，研究较早，取得了一定的成就，我国关于室内空气品质的研究还刚刚起步，有关室内空气品质的标准近乎空白。 本文系统地研究了大气中可吸入颗粒物对室内空气品质的影响，对可吸入颗粒物对IAQ影响的国内外研究进展进行了回顾和分析，指出了研究中仍存在的问题，确定了研究方法和研究内容；并对国家的一些相关标准进行了分析；对影响室内空气品质的相关因素进行了分析。 在现场实测的基础上，对西安市2009年的可吸入颗粒物浓度进行了测定。实验结果表明：2009年西安市PM10质量浓度分布存在着明显的季节差异，春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的PM10质量浓度分别为152 /m3，118 /m3，133 /m3，171 /m3，总体分布是冬季最高，春季次之，秋季低于春季，夏季质量浓度最低。全年最高峰值浓度出现在3月份，平均浓度达到了193 /m3，最低浓度在7月份，平均浓度为102 /m3。与中国PM10环境空气质量标准相比对，可以发现，西安市2009年夏、秋季节的PM10质量浓度仅仅达到三级标准，而冬、春季节的PM10质量浓度标准还没有达到三级。因此西安市2009年空气质量相对来说比较差。室内外PM10质量浓度存在正相关关系，即随着室外PM10质量浓度的增大，室内PM10质量浓度也随着增大；当室外PM10质量浓度减小时，室内PM10质量浓度也随之减小。同时通过模拟的方法，对实验结果和模拟情况进行了对比分析，模拟结果基本上与实验结果吻合。

Into the 21st century, as energy requirements, the buildings airtight is enhancing, thereby reducing the fresh air into the room. At the same time, organism synthesis material was extensively applied equipment and instrument in the room, which rendered a lot of vapor organism compound gaseous sprayed, so indoor air quality serious declined, coming vast symptom, termed "sick building syndrome". Many countries in the world, for example, American, Japan, and so on, fairly valued indoor air quality, have researched very early, acquired definite achievement. In this area, China's research only underway, the IAQ's standard almost is blank. This paper has done a systematic study on this issue. Firstly, it reviewed and analyzed existing research, home and abroad, on indoor particulate pollution of outdoor origin, then pointed out the existing problem and scheduled the methods and content of this research. Later on, it introduced the effects of PM10 on human health and related standards in several countries. And analyzed the impact of indoor air quality and related factors. Measured the concentration of respirable particulate matter in the field test on the basis of Xi'an in 2009. The result shows：The mass distribution of PM10 of Xi'an in 2009 had a clear seasonal variation, the PM10 concentrations of spring, summer, autumn, winter were 152 /m3, 118 /m3, 133 /m3, 171 /m3, the overall distribution is highest in winter , followed by spring , and autumn is lower than in spring, summer had the lowest concentration. Compared to China PM10 ambient air quality standard, can be found in Xi'an in 2009 summer and autumn of respirable particulate matter concentration standards for Grade III, while the winter and spring concentrations of respirable particulate matter standard has not yet reached Grade III. Therefore, the air quality in Xi'an in 2009 is relatively poor. Indoor and outdoor PM10 concentrations are positively correlated, which is means with increasing concentration of outdoor PM10, PM10 indoor also with the increasing concentration; when the outdoor concentration of PM10 reduced, the indoor PM10 concentrations also decreased. At the same time through the simulation method, the experimental results and simulations were compared with analysis, simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results.