孔隙水的冻结是寒区岩体发生冻胀损伤的根源，研究未冻水含量演化规律对于了解孔隙水的冻结过程，揭示冻结岩体的损伤机理具有重要意义。本文以陕北某工程岩体中完整与双裂隙砂岩为研究对象，基于试验研究，采用理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法。通过分析冻结温度、冻融次数、裂隙对未冻水的影响，探究未冻水含量与砂岩细观结构损伤、宏观力学参数劣化的关联。建立适用于砂岩的水热力耦合控制方程组，结合双孔隙介质模型和相场损伤模型进行辨识，并将其嵌入COMSOL有限元分析软件中，完成数值模型的改进。本文主要研究工作如下：

（1）开展饱水状态下完整及裂隙砂岩核磁共振试验，分析冻融环境下未冻水演化特征及影响因素。试验结果表明：温度对未冻水含量的影响显著，且当冻结温度低于-20℃时，会削弱冻融次数对未冻水含量的影响，但裂隙的存在会加快孔隙水的冻结，相比完整岩样，裂隙岩样未冻水含量减少5%；

（2）基于未冻水含量演化规律，具体研究了水冰相变过程对岩石孔隙结构特征的影响规律。岩石孔隙体积和渗透率均与冰含量呈正相关，自由水原位冻胀、毛细水水分迁移以及结合水持续冻结三者共同作用导致岩石产生不可逆的冻融损伤。饱水裂隙的存在会引发更为剧烈的冻害，裂隙岩样孔隙体积高于完整岩样18%，渗透率大于完整岩样267%以上。

（3）根据裂隙砂岩未冻水及孔隙结构演化更为剧烈的特点，开展裂隙砂岩低温单轴压缩试验，研究不同冻融条件下裂隙砂岩的力学特性，以及水对岩石强度、弹性模量的影响。砂岩强度及弹性模量均随着温度的降低而增大，随着冻融循环次数的增加而减小，说明水冰相变过程对砂岩强度和变形的影响显著，冰对岩体具有冻胀与支撑双重作用，孔隙水凝结成冰产生的冻胀力削弱了岩石颗粒间联系，致使岩石强度、弹性模量损伤严重，另一方面冰为岩石提供了支撑和胶结作用，冻结状态下可与岩石骨架共同抵抗外荷载作用。

（4）利用COMSOL软件中的PDE模块，在温度场、水分场、应力场控制方程基础上，推导水热力耦合控制方程组，将相场损伤模型嵌套到固体力学模块中，采用双重孔隙介质模型对冻融裂隙岩体进行研究，并将未冻水含量模拟值与试验值进行了对比，验证了本文建立的数值计算方法的正确性。

（5）基于所建立的冻融岩体水热力耦合模型，分析岩石内部温度、水分、及位移的分布规律。根据有限元计算结果进行二维绘图，裂隙水由于水传热较快先发生冻结，裂隙水的快速冻结引发裂隙尖端起裂，并呈现向岩桥处扩展的趋势，融化过程中裂隙水又会沿冻胀产生的裂纹渗流进入岩石内部造成二次起裂、扩展；孔隙水冻结速率受岩石对外界温度响应程度的影响，靠近岩石上边界处对降温/升温的响应较快，未冻水表现出快速的冻结/融化现象，岩石中部由于对温度的响应较慢，导致岩石在融化过程中夹冰层的出现。而岩石内部在冻结区与未冻区边界由于冰晶体的吸引，使水向冻结区边界迁移，造成岩石中位移变形区域略大于冻结区域。在融化过程中，受初始未冻水含量的影响以及岩石中部冰的阻滞作用，岩石下面层位移变形小于上面层。

The freezing of pore water is the source of frost heaving damage of rock mass in cold regions. Studying the evolution of unfrozen water content is of great significance for understanding the freezing process of pore water and revealing the damage mechanism of frozen rock mass.In this paper, the complete and double-fractured sandstone is taken as the research object. Based on the experimental study, the method of combining theoretical analysis and numerical calculation is adopted.By analyzing the influence of freezing temperature, freezing and thawing times and cracks on unfrozen water, the relationship between unfrozen water content and sandstone mesostructure damage and macroscopic mechanical parameter deterioration is explored.Establish the hydro-thermal coupling control equations applicable to sandstone, identify it by combining the dual-pore medium model and the phase-field damage model, and embed it into the COMSOL finite element analysis software to complete the secondary development of the numerical model.The main research work of this paper is as follows:

(1) The nuclear magnetic resonance test of intact and fractured sandstone under saturated state was carried out to analyze the evolution characteristics of unfrozen water under different freezing and thawing environments, and also provided a test basis for the correlation study of rock water ice phase change and macro and micro damage.The test results show that temperature has a significant effect on unfrozen water content, and when the freezing temperature is lower than - 20 ℃, the influence of freezing and thawing times on unfrozen water content will be weakened, but the existence of cracks will accelerate the freezing of pore water, and the unfrozen water content of fractured rock samples will be reduced by 5% compared with intact rock samples;

(2) Based on the evolution law of unfrozen water content, the influence law of water ice phase change process on rock pore structure characteristics is studied in detail.The pore volume and permeability of rock are positively correlated with the ice content. The joint action of free water in situ frost heaving, capillary water migration and combined water continuous freezing leads to irreversible freeze-thaw damage of rock.The existence of water-saturated fractures will cause more severe frost damage. The pore volume of fractured rock samples is 18% higher than that of intact rock samples, and the permeability is more than 267% higher than that of intact rock samples.

(3) According to the characteristics of unfrozen water and more violent pore structure evolution of fractured sandstone, low-temperature uniaxial compression test of fractured sandstone was carried out to study the mechanical properties of fractured sandstone under different freezing and thawing conditions, and the effect of water on rock strength and elastic modulus.The strength and elastic modulus of sandstone increase with the decrease of temperature, and decrease with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, which indicates that the water-ice phase change process has a significant impact on the strength and deformation of sandstone, and ice has a dual role of frost heave and support on rock mass. The frost heave force generated by the condensation of pore water into ice weakens the relationship between rock particles, causing serious damage to the strength and elastic modulus of rock. On the other hand, ice provides support and cementation for rock, It can resist external load together with rock skeleton under freezing state.

(4) The PDE module in COMSOL software is used for secondary development. Based on the control equations of temperature field, water component field and stress field, the hydro-thermal coupling control equations are derived, the phase field damage model is nested into the solid mechanics module, the freeze-thaw fractured rock body is studied by using the dual pore medium model, and the simulated value of unfrozen water content is compared with the test value, which verifies the correctness of the numerical calculation method established in this paper.

(5) Based on the established hydro-thermal coupling model of freeze-thaw rock mass, the distribution of temperature, moisture and displacement in rock mass is analyzed.According to the two-dimensional drawing of the finite element calculation results, the fracture water freezes first due to the fast heat transfer of water, and the rapid freezing of the fracture water causes the crack tip to crack,and shows a trend of expansion towards the rock bridge, and the fracture water will seep into the rock along the crack generated by frost heave during the melting process, causing secondary crack initiation and expansion;The freezing rate of pore water is affected by the response of the rock to the external temperature. The response to the temperature drop/temperature rise is faster near the upper boundary of the rock. The unfrozen water shows a fast freezing/melting phenomenon. The slow response to the temperature in the middle of the rock leads to the appearance of ice layer in the rock during the melting process.However, due to the attraction of ice crystals at the boundary of frozen and unfrozen areas inside the rock, the water migrates to the boundary of frozen areas, causing the displacement and deformation area in the rock to be slightly larger than the frozen area.During the melting process, due to the influence of the initial unfrozen water content and the blocking effect of ice in the middle of the rock, the displacement and deformation of the lower layer of the rock is smaller than that of the upper layer.

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