乌东煤矿北采区赋存有平均倾角为45°的43#、45#急倾斜特厚煤层，两煤层均采用大段高水平分段综放开采，由于赋存环境和开采技术的复杂性导致顶煤冒放性差、回收率低。因此开展乌东煤矿北采区急倾斜特厚煤层综放开采坚硬顶煤预裂技术研究具有重要的现实意义。

论文以乌东煤矿北采区+575水平43#、45#急倾斜煤层综放面为背景，综合运用现场条件调查、室内岩石力学实验、理论计算、数值模拟、工业性试验等方法对急倾斜坚硬顶煤预裂技术开展了系统性研究。

首先在分析调查急倾斜特厚煤层地质赋存情况及开采技术条件的基础上，掌握了顶煤冒放性的影响因素，确定了顶煤采用耦合致裂弱化措施；接着应用岩石力学实验和数值计算模拟相结合方法，从宏细观尺度研究了煤样在“水-力”耦合作用下的强度劣化率及水劣化作用下煤体中的应力分布规律，结果表明水作用后煤样强度及顶煤内部应力水平显著降低，注水使顶煤得到充分弱化；然后根据岩石力学实验结果建立不同装药直径爆破模型，研究了不同装药直径爆破模型爆炸过程中的冲击波传播、有效应力、损伤演化范围的规律，通过对比理论计算与数值计算结果，分析了煤体爆破粉碎区与裂隙区范围分布特征，确定了最佳装药直径。最后，基于上述研究成果，在乌东煤矿北采区综放工作面进行工程实践，设计了现场注水和爆破方案，并对煤体采取注水与爆破措施后的弱化效果进行了分析评价，顶煤采取“注水-爆破”耦合致裂措施后，煤体应力大幅降低、顶煤破碎程度增加，达到了预期目的。

论文研究成果给出了适用于乌东煤矿北采区的顶煤预裂方法，同时降低了采空区顶煤垮落引发的动力灾害问题，对矿井安全高效开采具有现实意义，也为今后相似条件下急倾斜煤层水平分段综放开采中遇到的坚硬顶煤预裂弱化问题提供参考借鉴。

There are 43 # and 45 # steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams with an average dip angle of 45° in the northern mining area of Wudong coal mine. both coal seams are mined by high-stage horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving. Due to the complexity of the occurrence environment and mining technology, the top coal caving ability is poor and the recovery rate is low. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to carry out the research on the pre-cracking technology of hard top coal in fully mechanized caving mining of steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seam in the northern mining area of Wudong coal mine.

Taking the + 575 horizontal 43#, 45# steeply inclined coal seam fully mechanized caving face in the north mining area of Wudong coal mine as the background, the pre splitting technology of steeply inclined hard top coal was systematically studied by using the methods of site conditions investigation, indoor rock mechanics experiment, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and industrial test application.

Firstly, based on the analyse and investigate of geological occurrence and mining technical conditions of steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seam, the influencing factors of caving ability of top coal are mastered, and the coupling crack weakening measures of top coal were determined. Next, considering the combination method of rock mechanics experiment and numerical calculation simulation, the strength degradation rate of coal sample under the ' water-force ' coupling action and the stress distribution law of coal body under the water degradation were studied from the macro and meso scales. the results show that the strength of coal sample and the internal stress level of top coal are significantly reduced after water treatment, and the top coal is fully weakened by water injection. Then, according to the rock mechanics experimental results, the blasting models with different charge diameters are established, and the laws of shock wave propagation, effective stress and damage evolution range of blasting models with different charge diameters are studied. By comparing the results of theoretical calculation and numerical calculation, the distribution characteristics of coal blasting crushed zone and fractured zone are analyzed, and the optimal charge diameter is determined. Finally, based on the above research results, the engineering practice is carried out in the fully mechanized top coal caving face in the north mining area of Wudong coal mine, the on-site water injection and blasting schemes were designed, and the weakening effect of water injection and blasting measures were analyzed and evaluated. after the top coal adopted the ' water injection-blasting ' coupling fracturing measures, the stress of coal body decreased significantly, and the degree of top coal fragmentation increased, reaching the expected purpose.

The research results of this paper give the top coal pre splitting method suitable for the northern mining area of Wudong coal mine, and reduce the dynamic disaster caused by the top coal caving in the goaf. It has practical significance for the safe and efficient mining of the coal mine, and also provides reference for the weakening problems of hard top coal pre splitting in the horizontal section fully mechanized caving mining of steep inclined coal seam under similar conditions in the future.

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