火烧岩作为煤层自燃的重要产物，在中国西北地区广泛分布，其内部丰富的孔裂隙不仅影响地下水运移和生态环境变迁，还会加剧地质灾害的发生。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩为研究对象，在野外地质调查的基础上，结合典型火烧岩地层剖面特征，划定火烧岩分布范围，分析火烧岩成因及其演化过程，建立火烧岩成岩模式。对火烧岩色度、孔隙结构、磁化率、导热性、强度等物理力学特征进行研究，同时根据火烧岩烧变温度和微观结构损伤识别方法，明确火烧岩类型，并揭示其岩体质量特征，进而阐明火烧岩区地质灾害效应与生态环境效应问题。

通过研究取得以下主要结论与认识：

（1）阐明了鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩分布规律及地质成因。基于煤系地层特征和现场地质调查，将研究区火烧岩划分为侏罗系火烧岩和石炭-二叠系火烧岩2个区。侏罗系火烧岩区西部边界与萨拉乌苏组含水层界限相吻合，北部边界位于伊盟隆起南翼，南部主要处于陕北斜坡东北角的黄土梁峁地貌区；石炭-二叠系火烧岩区主要处于研究区内黄河两岸的石炭-二叠系地层上部，地貌形态为中山、中低山。研究区主要构造有陕北斜坡、晋西挠褶带和伊盟隆起，燕山运动与喜马拉雅造山运动的强烈作用使研究区东部褶皱形成和伊盟隆起快速抬升，在黄河及其支流水系下切、剥蚀作用下，侏罗系上部煤层和石炭-二叠煤层出露地表，煤层发生多期燃烧，形成火烧岩。

（2）利用声发射热Kaiser效应对研究区火烧岩曾经历的历史最高温度进行了识别，提出了鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩分类及成岩模式，将火烧岩分为烘烤岩、烘变岩、烧结岩和烧熔岩4类，其中烘烤岩的形成温度小于300℃，烘变岩的形成温度为300℃~1000℃，烧结岩和烧熔岩的形成温度高于1000℃；烘烤岩与烘变岩距火源大于5m，岩石结构构造与成分等变化较小，烧结岩的成岩模式包括“垮落-粘结式”和“断层-粘结式”2种成岩模式，烧熔岩具有“接触面烧熔”和“裂隙带烧熔”2种成岩模式。

（3）结合7处野外典型剖面地质调查，通过鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩物理力学特性分析，得到明确结论：鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩色度随着烧变程度的增加，岩体色度逐渐加深，磁化率逐渐升高，而导热系数则显著降低；从烘烤岩到烘变岩，岩石的有效孔隙增多，渗透率增大，岩石的密度降低，抗拉强度和抗压强度有所提高；火烧岩随着水岩作用循环次数的增加而质损率较小且变化较小。

（4）根据火烧岩岩体质量特征，揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘火烧岩区地质灾害效应。随着烧变程度的加深，火烧岩岩体的节理裂隙发育程度加强，岩体结构从层状变成碎裂状，岩体质量降低，易于产生滑坡、崩塌、地面沉降与塌陷，采用离散元方法进行了验证。且侏罗系火烧岩区地质灾害、生态环境破坏和矿井水害效应更加明显。

As an important product of coal seam spontaneous combustion, burnt rock is widely distributed in northwestern China. Its rich pores and fissures not only affect groundwater migration and ecological environment change, but also exacerbate geological disasters. In this paper, the burnt rock in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin is taken as the research object. On the basis of field geological survey, combined with the characteristics of typical burnt rock stratigraphic section, the distribution range of burnt rock is delineated, the genesis and evolution process of burnt rock are analyzed, and the diagenetic model of burnt rock is established. Through laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical characteristics of burnt rock, such as chromaticity, pore structure, magnetic susceptibility, thermal conductivity and strength, are studied. At the same time, according to the burnt temperature and microstructure damage identification method of burnt rock, the types of burnt rock are clarified, and the quality characteristics of rock mass are revealed, so as to clarify the geological disaster effect and ecological environment effect in burnt rock area.

The main conclusions and understandings are as follows :

(1) The distribution law and geological origin of burnt rock in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin are clarified. Based on the characteristics of coal measures strata and field geological survey, the study area is divided into Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian burnt rocks. The western boundary of Jurassic burnt rock area coincides with the boundary of Salawusu aquifer. The northern boundary is located in the south wing of Yimeng uplift, and the southern boundary is mainly located in the loess hilly landform area in the northeast corner of northern Shaanxi slope. The Carboniferous-Permian burnt rock area is mainly located in the upper part of the Carboniferous-Permian strata on both sides of the Yellow River in the study area, and the landforms are medium mountains and medium-low mountains. The main structures in the study area are northern Shaanxi slope, western Shanxi flexure zone and Yimeng uplift. The strong action of Yanshan movement and Himalayan orogenic movement makes the fold formation in the eastern part of the study area and the rapid uplift of Yimeng uplift. Under the cutting and denudation of the Yellow River and its tributaries, the upper Jurassic coal seam and the Carboniferous-Permian coal seam are exposed to the surface, and the coal seam is multi-stage combustion, forming burnt rock.

(2) The Kaiser effect of acoustic emission heat was used to identify the historical maximum temperature experienced by the burnt rock in the study area, and the classification and diagenetic model of burnt rock in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin were proposed.The burnt rocks are divided into four categories : baked rock, baked metamorphic rock, sintered rock and burnt lava. The formation temperature of baked rocks is less than 300 °C, the formation temperature of baked metamorphic rocks is 300°C~1000°C, and the formation temperature of sintered rock and burnt lava is higher than 1000°C.When the distance between the baked rock and baked metamorphic rocks is greater than 5m from the fire source, the change of rock structure and composition is small. The diagenetic models of sintered rocks include two types of diagenetic models: “caving-bonding” and “fault-bonding”. The burnt lava has two diagenetic models of “contact surface melting” and “fracture zone melting”.

(3) Combined with the geological survey of seven typical field profiles, through the analysis of physical and mechanical properties of pyroclastic rocks in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin, it is concluded that : With the increase of the degree of burnt rock in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin, the color of the rock gradually deepened, the magnetic susceptibility gradually increased, and the thermal conductivity significantly decreased. From roasted rock to roasted rock, the effective porosity of rock increases, the permeability increases, the density of rock decreases, and the tensile strength and compressive strength increase. With the increase of water-rock interaction cycles, the mass loss rate of burnt rock is small and the change is small.

(4) According to the quality characteristics of burnt rock mass, the geological disaster effect of burnt rock area in the northeastern margin of Ordos Basin is revealed. With the deepening of the degree of burnt rock, the degree of joint fracture development of burnt rock mass is strengthened, the rock mass structure changes from layered to fragmented, the rock mass quality is reduced, and it is easy to produce landslide, collapse, land subsidence and collapse. The discrete element method is used to verify. The geological disasters, ecological environment damage and mine water damage effect in Jurassic burnt rock area are more obvious.

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