随着在深部煤层开采、智能化开采水平的提升，处于矿井中煤矿装备不仅面临更加苛刻的服役环境，还需满足更长服役寿命要求。探究煤矿装备的失效形式、寻求更优防护技术，成为了煤炭行业的研究热点。基于此，为研发煤矿关键装备液压支架油缸用新型防护技术，论文以 27SiMn 钢为基体，考察了熔覆粉末、熔覆设备和熔覆工艺等对马氏体不锈钢熔覆层、奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层与铁素体熔覆层的组织的影响，探究了熔覆层的腐蚀及腐蚀磨损行为，提出了适用于神府煤田典型矿井液压油缸内/外壁激光熔覆防护技术，并实现了示范应用。论文的主要结论如下：

（1）相比常规熔覆，高速激光熔覆过程中熔覆层的最高温度、最高温度时间及升/ 降温速率均有明显优化，明显减少了基材的热影响及变形。同时，通过对现有常规熔覆粉末的 Cr、Mo、Ni 等元素优化，提出了更适应高速激光熔覆热制度的熔覆粉末，并通过气雾化制备高球形度、高流动性的铁基高速熔覆粉末。

（2）基于市场三种主流高速熔覆设备，完成了四种市售高速熔覆粉、一种自研高速熔覆粉的熔覆层的制备。所制备的熔覆层从底部至表面的晶粒形态分别为平面晶-胞状晶-等轴晶，主要物相为马氏体。腐蚀及腐蚀磨损分析结果显示基于不同熔覆设备和熔覆粉末所制备的熔覆层的服役行为差异明显，部分体系呈现设备适配性差和工艺窗口窄的问题。其中，基于三种设备和 X1 粉末所制备的高速熔覆层在浸泡腐蚀、电化学腐蚀及 2000h 中性盐雾腐蚀和腐蚀磨损行为方面表现优异，具备作为新型液压油缸外壁熔覆层的可行性。此外，干摩擦条件下以马氏体为主的熔覆层的磨损机制以黏着磨损与磨粒磨损为主，3.5 wt.%NaCl 溶液中熔覆层以磨粒磨损为主。

（3）相比液压油缸内壁电弧熔铜，内壁激光熔铜层晶粒更为细小、耐蚀耐磨性能更为优异，具备替代现有液压油缸电弧熔铜的优势。其次，相比激光熔铜层，基于奥氏体和铁素体粉末所制备的内壁激光熔覆铁基涂层以保留了奥氏体或铁素体结构，且 Y3体系奥氏体熔覆层较激光熔铜层具有更优的耐蚀性、更高的硬度和耐磨性，具备作为新型液压油缸内壁熔覆层的可行性。此外，干摩擦条件下以奥氏体为主的 Y3 熔覆层的磨损机制以黏着磨损与磨粒磨损为主，在乳化液介质中熔覆层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。

（4）以液压油缸为原料，基于设备 B 所制备的液压油缸外壁用 X1 体系熔覆层和液压油缸内壁用 Y3 体系熔覆层的微观组织、耐蚀耐磨性能与实验室平面样品结果相当，成功实现了液压油缸外壁高速激光熔覆马氏体熔覆层和液压油缸内壁熔覆铁基奥氏体熔覆层在神府煤田的示范应用。

With the development of deep coal seam mining and intelligent mining, coal mine equipment is facing more severe service environment and longer service life. Exploring the failure form of coal mine equipment and seeking better protection technology has become a hot research topic in coal industry. Based on this, in order to develop a new type of protection technology for hydraulic support cylinder of key equipment in coal mine, this paper investigates the influence of cladding powder, cladding equipment and cladding process on the microstructure of martensite stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and ferrite cladding layer, explores the corrosion and corrosion wear behavior of cladding layer, and puts forward the laser cladding protection technology suitable for the inner/outer wall of hydraulic oil cylinder of Shenfu coal field. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) Compared with conventional cladding, the maximum temperature, the maximum temperature time and the rate of rise/fall of the cladding layer are obviously optimized in the high-speed laser cladding process, which significantly reduces the thermal impact and deformation of the substrate. By optimizing Cr, Mo, Ni and other elements of conventional cladding powder, a cladding powder more suitable for high speed laser cladding was put forward.

(2) Based on three kinds of mainstream high-speed cladding equipment in the market, four kinds of commercial high-speed cladding powder and one kind of self-developed high-speed cladding powder have been prepared. The crystal morphology from bottom to surface of the cladding layer is planar crystalline, cellular crystalline and equiaxed crystal, and the main phase is martensite. The results of corrosion and abrasion analysis show that the service behavior of the cladding layer prepared by different cladding equipment and powder is different. Among them, the high speed cladding layer based on three kinds of equipment and X1 powder has excellent performance in immersion corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, 2000H neutral salt spray corrosion and corrosive wear. In addition, the wear mechanism of the cladding layer mainly composed of martensite under dry friction is mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and the cladding layer in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is mainly abrasive wear.

(3) Compared with the copper arc melting on the inner wall of hydraulic cylinder, the copper laser melting layer on the inner wall has more fine grains and better corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and has the advantage of replacing the copper arc melting on the existing hydraulic cylinder. Secondly, compared with the laser cladding copper layer, the laser cladding ferrite coating based on austenite and ferrite powder can preserve the structure of austenite or ferrite. In addition, the wear mechanism of Y3 cladding layer mainly composed of austenite under dry friction condition is mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear.

(4) The microstructure, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the cladding layer of X1 system for outer wall of hydraulic cylinder and the cladding layer of Y3 system for inner wall of hydraulic cylinder prepared on the basis of equipment B with hydraulic cylinder as raw materials are similar to the results of flat samples in the laboratory, and the demonstrative application of high-speed laser cladding martensite cladding layer for outer wall of hydraulic cylinder and iron-based austenite cladding layer for inner wall of hydraulic cylinder in Shenfu coal field has been successfully realized.